The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2021–2022

,; ,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8583

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 168 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a result, resistant determinants for “old” antibiotics, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, are very common in the gut flora, and the plasmids carrying these determinants are characterized by a low fitness cost. Thus, enteric bacteria carrying determinants for old molecules are often able to survive and thrive even in the absence of a selective pressure generated by antibiotics or their residues [ 27 , 28 ]. Positive correlations among ermB , fexA , and optrA could be explained by the detection of these genes in the same Enterococcus strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Soil Fertilization with Pig Slurry on Antibiotic Residues and Resistance Genes: A Longitudinal Study

Massaccesi,

Albini,

Massacci

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of soil fertilization with animal manure on the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance in the environment is far from being fully understood. To add knowledge about persistence and correlations between antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in fertilized soil, a longitudinal soil mesocosm study was conducted. Soil samples were collected from the mesocosms immediately before spreading and then afterward at fifteen time points during a 320-day observation period. Eight ARGs (ermB, sul1, tetA, tetG, tetM, cfr, fexA, and optrA) and the class 1 integron-integrase gene, intI1, were determined in both pig slurry and soil, as well as residues of 36 antibiotics. Soil chemical and biochemical parameters were also measured. Twelve antibiotics were detected in the slurry in the range of 3 µg kg−1–3605 µg kg−1, with doxycycline, lincomycin, and tiamulin being the most abundant, whereas ermB, sul1, and tetM were the predominant ARGs. Before spreading, neither antibiotic residues nor ARGs were detectable in the soil; afterwards, their concentrations mirrored those in the slurry, with a gradual decline over the duration of the experiment. After about three months, the effect of the amendment was almost over, and no further evolution was observed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Soil Fertilization with Pig Slurry on Antibiotic Residues and Resistance Genes: A Longitudinal Study

Massaccesi,

Albini,

Massacci

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 In this paper use of the term ‘resistance’, such as multidrug resistance and phenotypic resistance refers to the non-wild type phenotype, which is not necessarily synonymous with clinical resistance ( Schwarz et al, 2010 ; EUCAST, 2022 ). Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime MIC ≥0.5 mg/L and/or ceftazidime MIC ≥1 mg/L) were additionally tested on the EUVSEC2 microplate (Sensititre®, Trek Diagnostic Systems, East Grinstead, UK) to determine the presumptive phenotype of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), AmpC and carbapenemase producers ( EFSA and ECDC, 2023 ). The following antibiotics are included in the EUVSEC2 plate: cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime and clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftazidime and clavulanic acid, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and temocillin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterisation of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry at retail through Sink Surveillance in Dhaka, Bangladesh reveals high levels of multi-drug resistance

Davies,

Chisnall,

Akter

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal Escherichia coli from livestock at slaughter is widely employed to assess the potential for risk to humans. There is currently a limited understanding of AMR in Bangladesh poultry at retail in live bird markets, with studies focussing solely on phenotypic characterisation of resistance. To address this evidence gap we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing on E. coli obtained from chickens from live bird markets in Dhaka in 2018 (n = 38) and 2020 (n = 45). E. coli were isolated from caeca samples following ISO guidelines and sequenced using short and long read methods. Multidrug resistance was extremely common (n = 77) and there was excellent concordance between AMR phenotype and the presence of corresponding AMR genes or mutations. There was considerable genomic diversity, with 43 different sequence types detected. Public health considerations included the high occurrence of resistance to ciprofloxacin (n = 75) associated with plasmid-residing qnrS or mutations in the gyrA and parC chromosomal genes; and the detection of a tigecycline resistant isolate harbouring tet(X4) on an IncHI1A/B-IncFIA mosaic plasmid. Thirty-nine isolates were resistant to azithromycin and harboured mphA, with a significant increase in the incidence of resistance between 2018 and 2020. Although azithromycin is banned for veterinary use in Bangladesh it remains an important treatment option for humans. Interestingly, mphA confers high-level resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin, and the latter is commonly used on poultry farms in Bangladesh. Seven isolates were colistin resistant and carried mcr1. For two isolates hybrid assemblies revealed that mcr1 resided on a highly conserved IncHI2 plasmid that had 93% nucleotide identity to a plasmid from the published genome of an E. coli isolate of Bangladeshi human origin. Six isolates had resistance to third generation cephalosporins, associated with plasmid-residing blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-65, or blaDHA-1. By employing phenotypic and genomic approaches for AMR surveillance we have provided new insights into the potential for One Health AMR linkages in Bangladesh. Employing similar approaches in human and environmental sectors will help inform the One Health approach to addressing AMR, and generate evidence to support mitigation measures such as improved antimicrobial stewardship.

show abstract

“…The large worldwide use of antimicrobials for animals (73% of all administered antibiotics) is correlated with increased AMR spread in humans and animals ( Boeckel et al, 2017 ; Ardakani et al, 2023 ). On one hand, this could be due to the fact that certain antibiotic classes are used in animals and humans [ Rahman and Hollis, 2023 ; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 2024 ]. On the other hand, it could be because resistant pathogens and/or genes can be transmitted to humans through food chains or direct contact with livestock ( Bennani et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements of weaned pigs barn hygiene to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance

Jaleta,

Junker,

Kolte

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal husbandry is usually attributed to the use of antibiotics and poor hygiene and biosecurity. We therefore conducted experimental trials to improve hygiene management in weaned pig houses and assessed the impact on the spread. For each of the two groups examined, the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), three replicate batches of piglets from the same pig breeder, kept in pre-cleaned flat decks, were analyzed. In the flat decks of the experimental groups, the hygiene conditions (cleaning, disinfection, dust removal and fly control) were improved, while regular hygiene measures were carried out in the control groups. The occurrence and spread of AMR were determined in Escherichia coli (E. coli; resistance indicator) using cultivation-dependent (CFU) and -independent (qPCR) methods as well as whole genome sequencing of isolates in samples of various origins, including feces, flies, feed, dust and swabs. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of resistant E. coli between the flat decks managed with conventional techniques and those managed with improved techniques. Selective cultivation delivered ampicillin- and sulfonamide-resistant E. coli proportions of up to 100% and 1.2%, respectively. While 0.5% E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and no ciprofloxacin resistance were detected. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the abundance of the blaTEM-1 gene in fecal samples between EG and CG groups. The colonization of piglets with resistant pathogens before arrival, the movement of flies in the barn and the treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics obscured the effects of hygiene improvement. Biocide tolerance tests showed no development of resistance to the farm regular disinfectant. Managing hygiene alone was insufficient for reducing antimicrobial resistances in piglet rearing. We conclude that the complex factors contributing to the presence and distribution of AMR in piglet barns underscore the necessity for a comprehensive management strategy.

show abstract

The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2021–2022

Cited by 17 publications

References 168 publications

Impact of Soil Fertilization with Pig Slurry on Antibiotic Residues and Resistance Genes: A Longitudinal Study

Impact of Soil Fertilization with Pig Slurry on Antibiotic Residues and Resistance Genes: A Longitudinal Study

Genomic characterisation of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry at retail through Sink Surveillance in Dhaka, Bangladesh reveals high levels of multi-drug resistance

Improvements of weaned pigs barn hygiene to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About