The evaluation of a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) model to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources using a synthetic tracer source

McBain, Matthew C.; Desjardins, R. L.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.10.003

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the past years, the bLS method has been evaluated in detail with reported accuracies better than 10 % under most circumstances (Flesch et al, 2004(Flesch et al, , 2005McBain and Desjardins, 2005;Gao et al, 2009Gao et al, , 2010. The bLS is considered to be currently among the most accurate micrometeorological techniques to calculate dispersion and determine emission rates (Denmead, 2008;Laubach, 2010;Loubet et al, 2010).…”

Section: Assessment Of Bls and Zinstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The EMEP/EEA guidebook 2009 for agricultural emission inventories reports an average ammonia (NH3) emission factor (EF) by volatilisation of 55% of the applied total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) content for cattle slurry, and 35% losses for pig slurry, irrespective of the type of surface or slurry characteristics such as dry matter content and pH. In this review article, we compiled over 350 measurements of EFs published between 1991 and 2011. The standard slurry application technique during the early years of this period, when a large number of measurements were made, was spreading by splash plate, and as a result reference EFs given in many European inventories are predominantly based on this technique. However, slurry application practices have evolved since then, while there has also been a shift in measurement techniques and investigated plot sizes. We therefore classified the available measurements according to the flux measurement technique or measurement plot size and year of measurement. Medium size plots (usually circles between 20 to 50 m radius) generally yielded the highest EFs. The most commonly used measurement setups at this scale were based on the Integrated Horizontal Flux method (IHF or the ZINST method (a simplified IHF method)). Several empirical models were published in the years 1993 to 2003 predicting NH3 EFs as a function of meteorology and slurry characteristics (Menzi et al., 1998; Søgaard et al., 2002). More recent measurements show substantially lower EFs which calls for new measurement series in order to validate the various measurement approaches against each other and to derive revised inputs for inclusion into emission inventories.

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Section: Assessment Of Bls and Zinstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

et al. 2012

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“…In the past years the applied bLS method has been proven to determine emissions from concentration measurements with accuracies around 10 % under most circumstances (Flesch et al, 2004McBain and Desjardins, 2005;Gao et al, 2009aGao et al, , 2010. It is considered to be currently among the most accurate micrometeorological techniques to calculate dispersion and determine emission rates (Denmead, 2008;Laubach, 2010;Loubet et al, 2010).…”

Section: Uncertainty Of the Bls/ftir Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bLS calculates emissions accurately provided homogeneously emitting source areas (or well represented point sources), a precise monitoring of c bgd and a largely undisturbed wind field, i.e. an obstacle-free downwind fetch longer than 5-10 Gao et al, 2010) to 25 (McBain andDesjardins, 2005) times z −d, depending of the complexity of the disturbance. The accuracy can be negatively affected by extreme atmospheric instability and is sensitive to low U and nonstationarity indicated by low u * (Flesch et al, 2004;McBain and Desjardins, 2005;Gao et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Uncertainty Of the Bls/ftir Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

et al. 2011

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Abstract.At a cropland and a grassland site field scale ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from slurry application were determined simultaneously by two approaches based on (i) eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements using high temperature Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HT-CIMS) and on (ii) backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) dispersion modelling using concentration measurements by three optical open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) systems. Slurry was spread on the fields in sequential tracks over a period of one to two hours. In order to calculate field emissions, measured EC/HT-CIMS fluxes were combined with flux footprint analysis of individual slurry spreading tracks to parameterise the NH 3 volatilisation with a bi-exponential time dependence. Accordingly, track-resolved concentration footprints for the FTIR measurements were calculated using bLS. A consistency test with concentrations measured by impingers showed very low systematic deviations for the EC/HT-CIMS results (<8 %) but larger deviations for the bLS/FTIR results. For both slurry application events, the period during fertilisation and the subsequent two hours contributed by more than 80 % to the total field emissions. Averaged over the two measurement methods, the cumulated emissions of the first day amounted to 17 ± 3 % loss of applied total ammoniacal nitrogen over the cropland and 16 ± 3 % over the grassland field.

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“…Methodologies for measuring emissions of CH 4 and NH 3 include the use of chambers (Boadi and Wittenberg 2002), tracers (Kaharabata et al 2000;Boadi and Wittenberg 2002;) and micrometeorological techniques (e.g., Flesch et al 2004;McBain and Desjardins 2005). While chambers provide a simple measurement technique that is ideal for testing treatment differences there are disadvantages: as only a small area or number of animals may be studied and conditions are unlike those in a normal production setting (Denmead and Raupach 1993;Sommer et al 2004;.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in micrometeorological techniques (McBain and Desjardins 2005;) have permitted accurate emissions estimates from agricultural sources via an inverse dispersion technique. This method has the advantages, which include non-interference, and the ability to incorporate the measurement footprint over larger areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Methane and ammonia emissions from a beef feedlot in western Canada for a twelve-day period in the fall

Haarlem¹,

Desjardins²,

Gao³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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X. 2008. Methane and ammonia emissions from a beef feedlot in western Canada for a twelve-day period in the fall. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 641Á649. Commercial feedlot operations are becoming a mainstay in the Canadian beef industry. These large operations that typically raise thousands of animals at a time represent a large localized source of methane (CH 4 ) and of atmospheric pollutants such as ammonia (NH 3 ) and particulate matter. An inverse dispersion model was utilized to calculate CH 4 and NH 3 emissions from a commercial cattle feedlot and an adjacent runoff retention pond. The feedlot measurements were collected within the interior of the feedlot enabling a near continuous emissions record over the 12 d of the study period. Average daily emission estimates of CH 4 and NH 3 were 323 and 318 g animal(1 d (1 , respectively. The CH 4 emissions represent 4% of the gross energy intake (GEI) and NH 3 emissions represent 72% of the total N intake. Emissions from the runoff retention pond associated directly with the feedlot operation were approximately 2.7 and 2% of the daily average feedlot emissions of CH 4 and NH 3 , respectively.

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The evaluation of a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) model to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources using a synthetic tracer source

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

Methane and ammonia emissions from a beef feedlot in western Canada for a twelve-day period in the fall

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