The Evaluation of Active Learning Classrooms: Impact of Spatial Factors on Students’ Learning Experience and Learning Engagement

Abstract

Previous studies have investigated the spatial attributes of Active Learning Classrooms (ALCs) and their impact on students’ learning experiences and learning engagement independently; however, a holistic investigation of the relationship between these attributes and students’ learning engagement has not been conducted. This study explored how the spatial attributes of ALCs affect students’ learning experiences and learning engagement. An empirical questionnaire was administered to freshmen taking English classes in four different types of ALCs at one university, and 224 valid questionnaires were analyzed. This study provides design insight for future learning environments in ALCs by linking two Likert scales: one rating spatial attributes in ALCs that influence learning experiences, and the other rating students’ learning engagement in ALCs. The results revealed that the spatial attributes of ALCs significantly affected the learning experience, specifically instructional interaction, furniture perception, learning support, and physical environment. Among them, instructional interactions and physical environment are the most critical in promoting student learning engagement. The survey findings can help architects design more flexible and sustainable learning environments in the future, supporting university students in developing active and collaborative learning skills, as well as providing better references and beneficial insights for future education for sustainable development.

Educational Data Clustering in Secondary School Sensor-Based Engineering Courses Using Active Learning Approaches

“…Moreover, research has supported the role of active learning as a superior approach compared to traditional pedagogy [111]. With respect to intrinsic relevance, students studying in active learning classrooms had significantly higher motivation and attitudes toward learning than students studying in traditional classroom layouts [112].…”

Classroom perception in higher education: The impact of spatial factors on student satisfaction in lecture versus active learning classrooms

“…Answers were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The dimensional design of the two classroom space satisfaction scales was based on the exploratory factor analysis of the Spatial Factors Affecting Students’ Learning Experience in Classrooms questionnaire conducted by Peng et al (2022) . This questionnaire divided classroom space factors into four dimensions (instructional interaction, furniture perception, learning support, and physical environment) and found that all four dimensions significantly affected students’ learning experience.…”

Integración espacial de contenidos en entornos de realidad extendida

“…A continuación, se relacionan los principales hallazgos relacionados con las diferencias entre usuarios: ◾ Habilidad espacial (HE): con base en la teoría de la carga cognitiva, varios estudios en diversos campos han intentado confirmar o desmentir el supuesto de que los usuarios con alta HE pueden manejar mejor su exposición a un estímulo visualmente complejo y mantener un nivel de esfuerzo mental bajo, en comparación con los usuarios que poseen HE baja [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]. [28], [29]. En la tabla 2 se relacionan los principales efectos en el esfuerzo mental y el desempeño.…”