The Evaluation of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Malignant Tumors Involving the Maxillary Sinus: Recommendation of an Examination Sieve and Risk Alarm Score

Abstract

This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of maxillary sinus tumors and to propose a clinical examination sieve and a unique risk alarm score to be used for timely patient referral and vigilance. The study consisted of 70 patients between 20 to 82 years of age from both sexes. The clinical information gained was collected from the upper dentoalveolar segment, orbit, and nasal sites. Regarding the early clinical sign and symptoms of patients, nasal obstruction was found in 67 patients (95.7%), facial swelling in 69 patients (98.6%), paresthesia in 41 patients (58.6%), and epistaxis in 50 patients (71.4%). Furthermore, in terms of the late signs and symptoms, a palpable mass in buccal sulcus was observed in 65 (92.9%) of the patients, lymphadenopathy in 24 (34.3%), paresthesia in 38 (54.3%), and diplopia in 22 (31.4%). Furthermore, general sign and symptoms like exophthalmos was present in 35 patients (50%), anosmia was observed in 37 patients (52.9%), and oroantral fistula was noted in 37 patients (55.9%). Additionally, 67 (95.7%) of the patients complained of nasal obstruction. Similarly, facial asymmetry was observed in 69 (98.6%) of the patients and double vision was observed in 24 (34.4%). Tumors of the maxillary sinus have a very insidious course of spread and uncertain clinical signs and symptoms. What makes diagnosis worse is the fact that the symptoms of these tumors are so well hidden in the sponge-like nature of the midfacial region that they are easily misinterpreted by patients. Therefore, diagnoses must be made early, dentists must be vigilant, and patients must be fully investigated at the slightest suspicion of a tumor, albeit benign.

Anatomical variations and abnormalities of the maxillary region and clinical implications: A systematic review and metaanalysis

“…[ 53 ] Other associated conditions related to this variant include nasal obstruction, frontal headache, cough, and mucocele. [ 54 ]…”

“…[53] Other associated conditions related to this variant include nasal obstruction, frontal headache, cough, and mucocele. [54] The Concha Bullosa is a variation of the Ethmoid Cells. In our study, thirteen articles [28,29,32,33,35,36,38,40,41,44,47,50,51] mentioned this variant, with 2 of them reporting clinical correlations.…”

Exploring animal models in oral cancer research and clinical intervention: A critical review

“…While no single model can accurately represent all aspects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), data collected from these animal models are essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of the disease (Bashir et al, 2023;Chiu et al, 2022;Heboyan et al, 2021Heboyan et al, , 2022Johnson et al, 2020;E. Li et al, 2019;Luo et al, 2018;Marya et al, 2022).…”

“…Several mouse models mimic human cancer growth's genetic, physiological, and anatomical aspects and are used in immunotherapy research. While no single model can accurately represent all aspects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), data collected from these animal models are essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of the disease (Bashir et al., 2023 ; Chiu et al., 2022 ; Heboyan et al., 2021 , 2022 ; Johnson et al., 2020 ; E. Li et al., 2019 ; Luo et al., 2018 ; Marya et al., 2022 ). One common approach is to inject in vitro‐grown murine tumour cells into immunocompetent hosts, either subcutaneously or orthotopically (Figure 2a ).…”