The Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α Levels in Total Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid From 11‐ to 16‐Year‐Old Children

Abstract

To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first evaluation of cystatin C in the gingival disease mechanism in children. Our results showed that total saliva and GCF cystatin C levels were higher in PHC (P >0.05), but there was no correlation between cystatin C levels and IL-1beta or TNF-alpha levels in total saliva or GCF.

Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary resistin and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels in obese children with gingivitis

“…It is surprising to note that GCF and salivary TNF‐α levels in gingivitis groups did not differ from periodontally healthy groups in this study. Similar to our findings, Ülker et al . found similar GCF TNF‐α levels in children with gingivitis and periodontally healthy controls.…”

Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…The results of this review, as also indicated in many studies, showed minimal increase in TNF- α levels from healthy to periodontally diseased sites [59, 80, 99, 103]. In other studies there was substantial elevation in TNF- α concentration from healthy to diseased sites [14, 70, 91].…”

“…Of the 10 studies that were included to determine the difference in IL-1 β levels, only 3 studies [41, 51, 103] showed differences in IL-1 β levels between healthy subjects and patients with gingivitis. However this difference was nonsignificant.…”

“…They can also be used to discriminate healthy subjects from patients with AgP [41, 51, 80, 99]. Owing to the slight differences in IL-1 β levels between healthy and gingivitis sites [41, 51, 103], it is difficult to use them as indicators or predictors for disease initiation from healthy status to gingivitis.…”

Biological Sealing and Defense Mechanisms in Peri-Implant Mucosa of Dental Implants

“…This natural inhibitor also plays a role in the anti-bacterial activity against the periodontal microorganism, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Blankenvoorde et al, 1998), which releases a specific cysteine proteinase (Chen et al, 1992). Cystatin C is present in gingival cervicular fluid (Ulker et al, 2008), supporting the extracellular secretion of this inhibitor into gingival tissues, including the intercellular spaces of the junctional epithelium. Secreted cystatin C from junctional epithelial cells may participate in the inhibition of P. gingivalis-derived proteinase activity and suppression of P. gingivalis growth, suggesting that cystatin C also acts as a candidate molecule governed by the PIE cell-mediated defense system.…”