The evaluation of different levels diets protein for growth performance of Clarias sp. fry cultured in biofloc-based system

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of catfish fry grown using different dietary protein levels in the biofloc-base aquaculture system. Experiments using a completely randomized design, consisted of four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of: protein 38% (A), 34% protein (B), 30% protein (C), and protein 26% (D). Catfish with initial weight of 0.83±0.01 g and length of 4.64±0.04 cm were cultured in 60 L tank with density of 90 fish each tank for 35 days. Inoculation of heterotrophic bacterial Staphylococcus lentus L1k were performed of 10 4 CFU/mL ratio of 15 was administrated once a day after two hours feeding in the morning. Feeding was conducted twice a day at 5% of the biomass weight. At the end of trial treatment (D) showed the highest survival rate (88.15±5.25%), the body lenght variance coefficient (9.58±0.51%) and protein retention (39.87±2.77%). Treatment (B) showed the highest growth rate (4.11±0.05%), total length (2.39±0.08 cm), and feed intake (318.76±4.63). Treatment (A) showed the highest feed efficiency (93.65±4.43%) while lowest lipid retention compared to others (22.20±1.20%.). Based on the results, it can be concluded that 34% protein feed (C) can replace 38% protein feed (B) catfish fry size 4−5 cm through biofloc-based system. Keywords: biofloc, fry, growth, protein, Staphylococcus lentus L1k ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan benih lele dengan menggunakan kadar protein pakan yang berbeda pada sistem bioflok. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas protein 38% (A), protein 34% (B), protein 30% (C), dan protein 26% (D), terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Benih lele dengan berat rata-rata 0,83±0,01 g dan panjang rata-rata 4,64±0,04 cm dipelihara di akuarium berukuran 90×50×40 cm 3 dengan padat tebar 90 ekor/akuarium selama 35 hari. Inokulasi bakteri heterotrof berupa Staphylococcus lentus L1k dilakukan pada setiap perlakuan kepadatan 10 4 CFU/mL. Penambahan sumber karbon berupa molase dengan C/N (Carbon/ Nitrogen) rasio 15 diberikan satu kali sehari setelah dua jam pemberian pakan di pagi hari. Pakan diberikan dua kali sehari sebanyak 5% dari berat biomasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kadar protein pakan berbeda memberikan hasil yang positif. Perlakuan (D) menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (88,15±5,25%), koefisien keragaman panjang (9,58±0,51%) dan retensi protein (39,87±2,77%) terbaik. Perlakuan (B) menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan harian (4,11±0,05%), panjang total (2,39±0,08 cm), dan jumlah konsumsi pakan (318,76±4,63) tertinggi. Perlakuan (A) menunjukkan efisiensi pakan (93,65±4,43%) tertinggi namun menunjukkan retensi lemak (22,20±1,20%) terendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan kadar protein 34% mempunyai performa pertumbuhan yang sama dibandingkan protein 38% pada benih ikan lele berukuran 4−5 yang dipelihara menggunakan sistem budidaya bioflok.

Biofloc Systems for Sustainable Production of Economically Important Aquatic Species: A Review

“…production, farmers in the hatchery generally feed the fry on high-protein diets in the range of 38-40% to reach the maximum output. This is costly to the farmer and does not match the low selling prices of the fish fry [8]. Since bioflocs can serve as alternative nutritive sources for the reared aquatic species, Tacon et al [61] suggested that bioflocs might also permit the use of lower feed rations and a reduction in the use of costly feed ingredients.…”

“…Zhao et al [78] also found that a 20% decrease in DP did not negatively affect the growth performance of mirror cap (Cyprinus carpio specularis) reared in a BFT polyculture system. Khasanah et al [8] demonstrated that 34% DP (C/N ratio 15) can replace 38% DP in catfish (Clarias sp. 4-5 cm) fry reared in a BFT system for 35 days.…”

“…Biofloc technology (BFT) is one of the most exciting food production alternatives that has attracted the attention of the scientific community and producers for sustainable aquaculture due to (i) zero water exchange, thus permitting efficient use of limited water resources and preventing the discharge of nutrient-rich wastewater into the environment; (ii) reduced artificial feed input (fishmeal), which reduces the costs of production while permitting the inclusion of alternatively cheaper and highly nutritious protein sources, and (iii) natural establishment of microbial biomass that not only purifies water but also enhances the growth, growth performance, and immunity of aquatic species reared in the system. The use of this system in farming practices for the production of crustaceans and some finfish species has been extensively studied [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The aim of this review, therefore, is to (i) give a brief overview of BFT systems, including operational parameters that affect their efficiency; (ii) review studies that have been conducted on the application of BFT systems for the sustainable production of economically important aquatic species; (iii) highlight the economic aspects of BFT systems, as well as their drawbacks and limitations, and recommend management aspects of BFT systems for sustainable aquaculture.…”