The evaluation of lateral pterygoid muscle pathologic changes and insertion patterns in temporomandibular joints with or without disc displacement using magnetic resonance imaging

Imanimoghaddam, Mahrokh; Madani, Azam Sadat; Hashemi, Elahe Mahmoudi

doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2013.01.022

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, DTI has a great applied potential in the functional evaluation of muscles. Full paper: DTI of human lateral pterygoid muscle BJR Recently, many investigations [31][32][33][34] about the relationship between LPM attachment and internal derangement of the TMJ have been reported already. However, these studies focused on attachment of the LPM to the disc-condyle complex and found no consensus regarding the correlation between LPM attachment and TMJ pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivomorphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Ai³

et al. 2016

BJR

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Objective: To explore the feasibility of morphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in vivo. Methods: 30 healthy volunteers underwent DTI with the jaw in the rest position, opening and clenching. Diffusion parameters of the superior head of the LPM (SHLP) and the inferior head of the LPM (IHLP) at different jaw positions were calculated. Results: When the jaw was in the rest position, l 3 of the SHLP was significantly lower than that of the IHLP; fractional anisotropy (FA) value of the SHLP was significant higher than that of the IHLP. There was no significant difference in l 1 , l 2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. During jaw opening, there was significant increase of all three eigenvalues and ADC value, and significant decrease of FA value both at the SHLP and IHLP. Clenching caused a significant increase in the ADC and all three eigenvalues, and caused a significant decrease of FA at the SHLP. However, at the IHLP, the variations of all diffusion parameters by clenching in the intercuspal position showed no significance when compared with those at rest. Conclusion: The morphological and functional changes of LPM fibres caused by jaw movements could be sensitively detected by DTI which may serve as a new and noninvasive method for simultaneously investigating the functional and morphological features of the LPM during jaw movement. Advances in knowledge: A new application of DTI is proposed for the morphological and functional evaluation of the LPMs. The results show that the significant change of three eigenvalues indicates the activity of the LPM in a specific jaw movement, a finding that shows the potential value of DTI serving as a new and non-invasive method for investigation of the LPM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivomorphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Ai³

et al. 2016

BJR

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“…The LPM is a muscle with 2 separate heads, attaches to the anteromedial surface of the TMJ disc and the condylar neck, and coordinates the movement of TMJ components (Juniper 1981). Clinical studies have pointed out relationships among muscle hypertrophy/atrophy, damaged discs and TMJ internal derangement (Dergin et al 2012;Imanimoghaddam et al 2013). Our data indicate that loss of Prg4 could alter the associations of LPM/TMJ disc and LPM/condyle and could compromise TMJ function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Excess BMP Signaling in Heterotopic Cartilage Forming in Prg4-null TMJ Discs

Bechtold¹,

Saunders

Mundy

et al. 2015

J Dent Res

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Heterotopic cartilage develops in certain pathologic conditions, including those affecting the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. This is in part due to the fact that a reliable animal model of such TMJ diseases is not available. Here, we show that aberrant chondrocyte differentiation and ectopic cartilage formation occur spontaneously in proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) mutant TMJ discs without further invasive procedure. By 2 mo of age, mutant disc cells displayed chondrocyte transdifferentiation, accompanied by strong expression of cartilage master gene Sox9 and matrix genes aggrecan and type II collagen. By 6 mo, heterotopic cartilage had formed in the discs and expressed cartilage hypertrophic markers Runx2 and ColX. The ectopic tissue grew in size over time and exhibited regional mineralization by 12 mo. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling was activated with the ectopic chondrogenic cells and chondrocytes, as indicated by phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8 nuclear staining and by elevated expression of Bmp2, Bmpr1b, Bmpr2, and BMP signaling target genes. Likewise, we found that upon treatment with recombinant human BMP 2 in high-density micromass culture, mutant disc cells differentiated into chondrocytes and synthesized cartilage matrix more robustly than control cells. Importantly, a specific kinase inhibitor of BMP receptors drastically attenuated chondrogenesis in recombinant human BMP 2-treated mutant disc cultures. Unexpectedly, we found that Prg4 was expressed at joint-associated sites, including disc/muscle insertion and muscle/bone interface, and all these structures were abnormal in Prg4 mutants. Our data indicate that Prg4 is needed for TMJ disc integrity and function and that its absence leads to ectopic chondrogenesis and cartilage formation in conjunction with abnormal BMP signaling. Our findings imply that the BMP signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention or inhibition of ectopic cartilage formation in TMJ disease.

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“…This finding stands in contrast to most of the studies investigating this relationship. Omami et al, 7 Taskaya-Yilmaz et al, 10 Imanimoghaddam et al 6 and Dergin et al 5 did not find a statistically significant relationship between these variables. This discrepancy can partly be explained by the fact that our study group was larger and that we used a different methodology for disc assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…5,6,10,14 Such an association, however, has not been established. [5][6][7]10 Nevertheless, studies investigating the correlation between the LPM attachment type and TMJ internal derangement analyzed the disc position only in the sagittal plane. Assessment of the disc in the sagittal plane is suitable for the diagnosis of anterior disc displacement, which is one of the most prevalent types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] However, recent literature has brought speculation and controversy on the anatomical variations of the LPM, particularly regarding the insertion into the disc-condyle complex. [4][5][6][7] Studies on human specimens have revealed the presence of a third head of the LPM. Moreover, from three to four different types of muscle attachment have been distinguished.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between the lateral pterygoid muscle attachment type and temporomandibular joint disc position in magnetic resonance imaging

Litko¹,

Szkutnik²,

Berger³

et al. 2016

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) attachment type and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc position on sagittal and coronal MR scans. Methods: 191 patients (148 females, 43 males), aged 14-60 years, underwent MR investigations of the TMJs in the intercuspal position (IP) and open-mouth position (OMP). The disc position was evaluated on oblique sagittal and coronal images in the IP and OMP on many MRI sections showing all portions of the joint. Relationships between the LPM attachment patterns and articular disc positions were evaluated by z and x 2 tests. Results: Three types of the LPM attachment were found. There was a statistically significant correlation between the LPM attachment type and the disc position in IP (x 2 5 24.29; p , 0.01). The type of muscle attachment did not determine the prevalence of normal, lateral and medial disc positions. There were differences between the muscle attachment types in the anterior, anteromedial and anterolateral disc positions. There was a statistically significant association between TMJ disc position in OMP and particular attachment types in the sagittal plane (x 2 5 9.702; p , 0.01). Conclusions: Certain types of the LPM insertion are correlated with TMJ disc position.

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The evaluation of lateral pterygoid muscle pathologic changes and insertion patterns in temporomandibular joints with or without disc displacement using magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

In vivomorphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle: a diffusion tensor imaging study

In vivomorphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Excess BMP Signaling in Heterotopic Cartilage Forming in Prg4-null TMJ Discs

Correlation between the lateral pterygoid muscle attachment type and temporomandibular joint disc position in magnetic resonance imaging

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