In this work, an investigation of the photovoltaic (PV)
performance
of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PM6:Y7, in combination with
a conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) study, is presented.
OSCs were fabricated and tested under regular atmospheric conditions,
employing the conventional structure glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7/PFN/Field’s
metal (FM) where FM, a eutectic alloy of Bi, In, and Sn, served as
an alternative top electrode, deposited easily via drop casting at
95 °C, eliminating the requirement of a high-vacuum chamber.
An optimum active film thickness of 72 nm is identified for the PV
devices, reaching a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.44 ±
0.22% (best PCE = 11.76%). Further, optical constants (n and k) were determined for PEDOT:PSS, PM6:Y7, and
PFN films via modeling of transmittance data; these parameters were
used to simulate the external quantum efficiency response, which provided
the optical performance-limiting factors across all cell layers and
interfaces within the OSC. Likewise, topography measurements showed
that the 72 nm-thick PM6:Y7 film exhibited a relatively low roughness
of 1.7 nm, obtained without the use of postprocessing methods. The
c-AFM quantitative analysis was carried out on the active film with
and without the electron transport interfacial layer (PFN) of the
cell structure, which confirmed that the addition of PFN on top of
PM6:Y7 enhanced conductive pathways with high current and low resistance
values.