The evaluation of the interfacial and flame retardant properties of glass fiber/unsaturated polyester composites with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Kim, Jong-Hyun; Kwon, Dong-Jun; Shin, Pyeong-Su; Baek, Yeong-Min; Park, Ha-Seung; DeVries, K. Lawrence; Park, Joung-Man

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.032

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also worth mentioning is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which is not added into the polymer matrix but is useful as a glass fiber coating for GFRP composites. However, when flammability properties significantly improve at contents of about 20wt%, the interfacial adhesion and wetting decrease somewhat [57]. Figure 4 shows structures of flame retardants from that group.…”

Section: Phosphorus Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a review of flame retardants used for glass/polyester laminates. It concerns flame retardants withdrawn from use such as compounds containing halogen atoms and flame retardants currently used in the industry, such as inorganic hydroxides, phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compounds, antimony, and boron compounds, as well as tin–zinc compounds. Attention is also drawn to the use of nanoclays and the production of nanocomposites, intumescent flame retardant systems, and mats, as well as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The paper discusses the action mechanism of particular flame retardants and presents their advantages and disadvantages.

show abstract

Section: Phosphorus Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triphenyl phosphate [55], Red phosphorus, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate [57], Aluminum diethyl phosphinate [62].…”

Section: Phosphorus Frsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve and Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG) for the McMAPs are shown in Figure 4 and the decomposition temperatures are reported in The first stage of degradation corresponds to the decomposition of PVA and is attributed to the breakdown of ester bonds, the release of non-flammable gases due to the decomposition of melamine, and the evaporation of absorbed water [20,21]. The loss of mass in the second stage is caused by the elimination of NH 3 from the melamine units [22]. The final stage of thermal degradation is a result of MAP decomposition in the microcapsules, which generates phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid, followed by their dehydration to form phosphorous oxides (P 4 O 10 ) [21,23].…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Coatings Containing Microcapsules with Fire-Resistant Properties

Jaramillo¹,

Díaz‐Gómez²,

Ramı́rez³

et al. 2021

Surfaces, Interfaces and Coatings Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of microencapsulation of dihydrogen ammonium phosphate (MAP) in the generation of fire-resistant coatings was studied in the presence of tannins extracted from Pinus radiata. MAP was encapsulated to avoid interaction with sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), which upon contact with fire, generates unwanted gases. Thus, a fireproof (or intumescent) protective film was produced in the presence of the tannins. Microcapsules were polymerized with melamine and characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM-EDS. The microcapsules were spherical with a diameter between 0.7 and 1 µm. The as-produced microcapsules were mixed with tannin extract and the properties of their film were evaluated on wood and structural steel substrates; their fire resistance on medium density fiberboard was also evaluated. Flame resistance tests showed a carbonization index of 26.86% using microcapsules (3% w/w); this is better than commercial coatings. The film properties were similar to commercial coatings, but the adherence was slightly decreased, due to agglomeration and also films flexibility.Surfaces, Interfaces and Coatings Technology 4 www.videleaf.com

show abstract

“…Public concern about fire triggers research activity that has already created effective fire-protective additives for polymers, [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] like hydrated compounds, for example, hydrated salts [ 21 ], oxides (e.g., alumina) and clays that undergo endothermic degradation, carbonates like huntite that decompose forming a CO 2 gas blanket, halogenated paraffins and polymers that emit free-radical suppressants, and chemicals that intumesce like the expandable ammonium phosphates [ 22 ], or still those that form a barrier between air and the substrate, e.g., silica [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] and clays [ 27 , 28 ], or char as, for example, organophosphorus compounds [ 16 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], polyols and melamine. Graphite (flakes, powder or expanded) has been used as an additive in intumescing coatings [ 19 , 20 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] and in polymer composites [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Friendly, High-Performance Fire Retardant Made from Cellulose and Graphite

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many materials and additives perform well as fire retardants and suppressants, but there is an ever-growing list of unfulfilled demands requiring new developments. This work explores the outstanding dispersant and adhesive performances of cellulose to create a new effective fire-retardant: exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG). This is a new 2D polyfunctional material formed by drying aqueous dispersions of graphite and cellulose on wood, canvas, and other lignocellulosic materials, thus producing adherent layers that reduce the damage caused by a flame to the substrates. Visual observation, thermal images and surface temperature measurements reveal fast heat transfer away from the flamed spots, suppressing flare formation. Pinewood coated with ERG underwent standard flame resistance tests in an accredited laboratory, reaching the highest possible class for combustible substrates. The fire-retardant performance of ERG derives from its thermal stability in air and from its ability to transfer heat to the environment, by conduction and radiation. This new material may thus lead a new class of flame-retardant coatings based on a hitherto unexplored mechanism for fire retardation and showing several technical advantages: the precursor dispersions are water-based, the raw materials used are commodities, and the production process can be performed on commonly used equipment with minimal waste.

show abstract

The evaluation of the interfacial and flame retardant properties of glass fiber/unsaturated polyester composites with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Cited by 26 publications

References 55 publications

Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants

Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants

Eco-Friendly Coatings Containing Microcapsules with Fire-Resistant Properties

Environmentally Friendly, High-Performance Fire Retardant Made from Cellulose and Graphite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About