The Evidence for Common Nonsurgical Modalities in Sports Medicine, Part 2: Cupping and Blood Flow Restriction

Trofa, David P.; Obana, Kyle K; Herndon, Carl L.; Noticewala, Manish S.; Parisien, Robert L.; Popkin, Charles A.; Ahmad, Christopher S.

doi:10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-19-00105

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A review by Trofa et al ( 71 ) reviewed the above mentioned works and others. Though relatively safe, some studies reported adverse events of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, anemia requiring transfusion, formation of abscess, keloids, burns, blisters, body ache, skin laceration, itching, and pain at the site of cupping ( 71 ).…”

Section: Acupuncture and Needling For Neck Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Dry Needling and Acupuncture in the Treatment of Neck Pain

et al. 2021

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Context: Neck pain is a common phenomenon and affects a large segment of the population. Chronic neck pain, lasting more than 3 months, likely occurs in 10% - 30% of patients with acute neck pain and affects up to 288 million cases globally, carrying a significant cost in terms of quality of life, disability, and healthcare dollars. Here we review neck pain background, acupuncture and the evidence that exist to support acupuncture use in chronic neck pain. Results: Neck pain not only affects quality of life directly, but also contributes to depression, job dissatisfaction and reduced productivity. Unfortunately, neck pain is strongly linked to office and computer work and is likely to continue increasing in prevalence. Traditional treatments, such as analgesics, physical therapy, exercise, and non-invasive therapy bring some relief, and invasive therapy is indicated if anatomical pathologies exist. Acupuncture is a form of integrative medicine, originally described and practiced in traditional Chinese medicine and now expanded to include methods including acupressure, dry needling, and others. Traditionally, it focused on restoring the patient’s flow of Qi by puncturing specific points along the meridians. It has previously been shown to be effective in other forms of chronic pain and disability. Clinical trials studying acupuncture for neck pain have shown significant reduction in both pain and associated symptoms. These therapies are reviewed in this text. Conclusions: Neck pain is a common and significant global problem. Acupuncture, dry needling, and cupping were all shown to be effective in alleviating pain both immediately after treatment, as well as provide long-lasting relief. These treatments are generally safe and inexpensive and should be considered as part of a multimodal approach for the treatment of neck pain. More head-to-head studies will provide better data to support a choice of a specific treatment over another.

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Section: Acupuncture and Needling For Neck Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Dry Needling and Acupuncture in the Treatment of Neck Pain

et al. 2021

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“…Cupping therapy has been widely used to manage various musculoskeletal impairment, including non-specific low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, plantar fasciitis, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and delayed onset muscle soreness [ 1 – 3 ]. However, an evidence-based review indicates that cupping therapy has only low to moderate evidence for treating musculoskeletal impairment [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using texture analysis of ultrasound images to assess the effect of cupping therapy on muscle quality of the triceps

Hung,

Jan

2024

PLoS ONE

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The objectives were to investigate whether cupping therapy improves muscle quality and the interaction between duration and negative pressure of cupping therapy affects muscle quality. A 2×2 factorial design with repeated measures was used to examine the efficacy of cupping therapy on improving muscle quality. The independent factors were cupping pressures at −225 and −300 mmHg and cupping durations at 5 and 10 min, and the dependent factor was texture of B-mode ultrasound image of the triceps. Four cupping protocols were applied to 12 participants at 4 different days. Texture analysis including contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity was applied to assess muscle quality from 480 ultrasound images. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was an interaction between the pressure and duration factors on the superficial layer of the triceps in contrast (F = 5.434, P = 0.004) and correlation (F = 6.274, P = 0.029). In contrast texture, the superficial layer of the triceps showed a significant increase in three protocols: −225 mmHg for 5 min (1.0434 ± 0.130), −300 mmHg for 5 min (1.0339 ±0.1407), and −300 mmHg for 10 min (1.0563 ±0.1432) except −225 mmHg for 10 min (0.9704 ±0.0985). In correlation texture, the superficial layer of the triceps showed a significant decrease in all protocols: −225 mmHg for 5 min (0.9556 ± 0.07), −225 mmHg for 10 min (0.9831 ± 0.0708), −300 mmHg for 5 min (0.9976 ± 0.055), and −300 mmHg for 10 min (0.9406 ± 0.0809). The results indicate that the interaction between the pressure and duration factors of cupping therapy significantly increases contrast texture and significantly decreases correlation texture of the superficial layer of the triceps after cupping therapy. Cupping therapy decreases homogeneity among soft tissues of the treated muscle.

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“…The mechanical effect of cupping therapy on increasing local blood flow and stretching underlying soft tissue may explain benefits of cupping therapy (Lowe, 2017) (Al-Bedah et al, 2019;Hou et al, 2021a). These benefits may partly support the reason that cupping therapy is a popular technique used by athletes to reduce muscle soreness and improve performance (Trofa et al, 2020). However, the effect of cupping therapy on the musculoskeletal system (e.g., muscles) has not been fully investigated (Roostayi et al, 2016;Jan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cupping therapy can be described as an ancient medical technique that uses cups placed over different parts of the body or specific areas (meridians or acupuncture points) of the skin to create negative pressure through suction ( Bhikha et al, 2008 ; Furhad and Bokhari, 2022 ). Cupping therapy has been widely used for the alleviation of musculoskeletal pain of the neck, shoulder, and back ( Trofa et al, 2020 ; Hou et al, 2021c ; Hasbani et al, 2021 ). The lack of standardized application guidelines, such as appropriate treatment duration, cup size, and negative pressure, and the mechanism limit the adoption of cupping therapy in clinical practice ( Stephens et al, 2020 ; He et al, 2021 ) ( Zhou et al, 2020 ; Jan et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of durations and pressures of cupping therapy on muscle stiffness of triceps

Jain

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Cupping therapy has been used for the alleviation of muscle soreness in athletes. However, clinical studies of cupping therapy show conflicting results. Lack of standardized guidelines of the dose-response relationship of cupping therapy, such as appropriate cupping duration and negative pressure, limits the adoption of cupping therapy in clinical practice. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of various pressures and durations of cupping therapy on reducing muscle stiffness. The 2 × 2 factorial design with the repeated measures and counterbalanced design was used to test four cupping protocols, including two negative pressures at −225 and −300 mmHg and two durations at 5 and 10 min, in 12 healthy young people. B-mode and elastographic ultrasound was used to assess muscle stiffness of the triceps before and after cupping therapy. The region of interest of elastographic image was divided into the superficial and deep layers for assessing the effect of cupping therapy on stiffness of various depths of the triceps. Normalized stiffness was calculated as a ratio of pre-cupping stiffness divided by post-cupping stiffness of each participant. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the main effects of the pressure and duration factors and the interaction effect between the pressure and duration factors. The results showed that there were no interactions between the pressure and duration factors (overall layer p = 0.149, superficial layer p = 0.632, and deep layer p = 0.491). The main effects of duration of the overall, superficial and deep layers were p = 0.538, p = 0.097 and p = 0.018, respectively. The results showed that 10-min cupping at -300 mmHg is more effective on reducing stiffness of the deep layer of the triceps compared to 5-min cupping (p = 0.031). This study provides the first evidence that the dose of cupping therapy could significantly affect changes of triceps stiffness and the deep layer of the muscle is more sensitive to cupping therapy compared to the superficial and overall layers.

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The Evidence for Common Nonsurgical Modalities in Sports Medicine, Part 2: Cupping and Blood Flow Restriction

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Efficacy of Dry Needling and Acupuncture in the Treatment of Neck Pain

Efficacy of Dry Needling and Acupuncture in the Treatment of Neck Pain

Using texture analysis of ultrasound images to assess the effect of cupping therapy on muscle quality of the triceps

Effect of durations and pressures of cupping therapy on muscle stiffness of triceps

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