The evidence of proteases in sprouted seeds and their application for animal protein digestion

Abstract

It has been experimentally proven that germinated plant seeds, such as leek, red clover, broccoli, and others contain proteases, which are able to digest animal protein such as gelatin, bovine albumin, casein, and egg albumin. Preliminary tests were carried out with the use of a semi-qualitative gelatin test, which is often applied to prove the presence of fruit enzymes. Quantitative examinations were carried out with the use of a ninhydrin reaction for amino acid determination as well as the Bradford and Smith methods for protein determination. Respective calibration curves were obtained for glycine (amino acid analysis) as well as for egg albumin, bovine albumin, and gelatin (protein analysis), with a full statistical evaluation including Mandel and Lack-of-Fit tests to check for linearity. It has been proven that the selected germinated seeds containing proteases can be applied as an effective aid for animal protein digestion.

Anticoagulant, fibrinogenolytic and anti-platelet aggregation activities of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet seed radicle aqueous extract

“…Proteases from seeds have broad specificity. They can hydrolyse casein, gelatin and extracellular matrix (22,23).…”

“…Blood coagulation is a complex physiological process that drives immediate response to blood vessel injury. Impairment in coagulation process leads to the hyper-activation of the coagulation factors, which results in thrombotic disorders (4) (22,23,25). LPRE showed significant anticoagulant activity.…”

“…This suggests that LPRE interfere in intrinsic, extrinsic and in common pathway of coagulation cascade. The protease(s) present in the LPRE sample might be responsible for the anticoagulant property exhibited (22).…”

Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Protease Isolated from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seeds

“…As a matter of fact, a country like Pakistan marked by an agro-based economy can be an ideal place for the isolation of industrially important proteases from plant sources, which are frequently available and low cost. Several reports are available on the isolation and characterization of protease from different plant sources like Solanum dubium seeds (Abbas & Abdelrahman, 2021), Gliricidiasepium seeds (da Silva et al, 2020), Viciafaba L. seeds (Sathya Prabhu, Apoorva, Nandita, Chamy, & Devi Rajeswari, 2018), sprouted seeds (Rawski, Sanecki, Dżugan, & Kijowska, 2018), and Nigella Sativa seeds (Yang, Song, Gu, & Li, 2011). However, available literature shows a lack of stress related to the isolation of protease from cotton seeds.…”

Novel Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Protease Activity: The Casein Plate Method and Its Applications

“…The reaction can be disturbed by a strong alkaline buffer, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and other substances . In the ninhydrin chromogenic method, − protease activity can be determined by adding protease to the solution containing protease to decompose for a period of time; the content of the produced α-amino acid is then determined. However, the results of this method are quite erroneous because of the slow reaction, side reactions, unstable hydrolysis, oxidation and photolysis, and color interference …”