The Evolution and Dissemination of Methicillin Resistance Determinant in Staphylococcus aureus

Rachman, Abdul; Suhaili, Zarizal; MohdDesa, Mohd Nasir

doi:10.5772/65514

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Additionally, management of multidrug-resistant Gram (+) bacteria, especially Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus, is a real challenge (Brunel and Guery 2017). New or improved classes of antimicrobials with significant antimicrobial activity and lower toxicity are therefore urgently needed to overcome this threat (Rachman et al 2017;Vu Van Loi et al 2019). Garlic has been shown to exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria (Nakamoto et al 2019;Muller et al 2016;Borlinghaus et al 2014;Bharwaj et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

2021

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Garlic has long been known as the most effective plant species in treatment of bacterial infections. Considering the vast potential of garlic as a source of antimicrobial drugs, this study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Allium sativum extracts and their interactions with selected antibiotics against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant isolates of emerging bacterial pathogens that are frequently found in healthcare settings. As shown by the in vitro data obtained in this study, the whole Allium sativum extract inhibited the growth of a broad range of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains with bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. Depending on the organism, the susceptibility to fresh garlic extract was comparable to the conventional antibiotic gentamycin. Since the combinations of fresh garlic extract with gentamycin and ciprofloxacin inhibited both the drug sensitive and MDR bacteria, in most cases showing a synergistic or insignificant relationship, the potential use of such combinations may be beneficial, especially in inhibiting drug-resistant pathogens. The study results indicate the possibility of using garlic as e.g. a supplement used during antibiotic therapy, which may increase the effectiveness of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

2021

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“…However, contamination routes within pig production environments still remain obscure considering that clones classified as community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), such as ST1/t127 and ST30/t318, were also found among the MRSA isolated ( Table 3 ), which is in agreement with previously reported data [ 64 ]. Regarding ST30, is important to remark that despite being commonly categorised as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) [ 65 ], MRSA variants have been isolated from pigs in Australia [ 66 ] and Portugal [ 67 ] that indicate not only a worldwide dissemination of this specific ST among pig herds, but tangible evidence of the dissemination of methicillin resistance via integration of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) among sensitive strains [ 68 ]. Additionally, ST30 showed a remarkably high level of MDR ( Table S2 ), harboured several antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes, and was identified as a strong biofilm producer ( Table 2 ), which is highly relevant in the food production chain due to its potential harmfulness and environmental recalcitrance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain

Rodríguez-López

Filipello

Ciccio

et al. 2020

Foods

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The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance, prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from heavy swine at abattoir level and farming environments in Lombardy (Northern Italy). With this scope, 88 different heavy swine farms were surveyed, obtaining a total of n = 440 animal swabs and n = 150 environmental swabs. A total of n = 87 MRSA isolates were obtained, with an overall MRSA incidence of 17.50% (n = 77) among animal samples and a 6.67% (n = 10) among environmental. Molecular characterisation using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) plus spa-typing showed that sequence type ST398/t899 and ST398/t011 were the most commonly isolated genotypes, although other relevant sequence types such as ST1 or ST97 were also found. A lack of susceptibility to penicillins, tetracycline and ceftiofur was detected in >91.95, 85.05 and 48.28% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to doxycycline (32.18%), enrofloxacin (27.59%) and gentamicin (25.29%) was also observed. Additionally, a remarkable level of antibiotic multiresistance (AMR) was observed representing a 77.01% (n = 67) of the obtained isolates. Genetic analysis revealed that 97.70% and 77.01% of the isolates harboured at least one antibiotic resistance or enterotoxin gene, respectively, pointing out a high isolate virulence potential. Lastly, 55.17% (n = 48) were able to produce measurable amounts of biofilm after 24 h. In spite of the current programmes for antibiotic reduction in intensively farming, a still on-going high level of AMR and virulence potential in MRSA was demonstrated, making this pathogen a serious risk in swine production chain, highlighting once more the need to develop efficient, pathogen-specific control strategies.

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“…This characterization method has become an important technique for distinguishing between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA [122]. However, this technique cannot be applied to the detection of novel SCCmec types [123].…”

Section: Mrsa Typing Methods and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 Clone: A Systematic Review

Mairi

Touati

Lavigne

2020

Toxins

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This review assessed the molecular characterization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-ST80 clone with an emphasis on its proportion of total MRSA strains isolated, PVL production, spa-typing, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on MRSA-ST80 clone published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2019. Citations were chosen for a review of the full text if we found evidence that MRSA-ST80 clone was reported in the study. For each isolate, the country of isolation, the sampling period, the source of isolation (the type of infection, nasal swabs, or extra-human), the total number of MRSA strains isolated, number of MRSA-ST80 strains, antibiotic resistance patterns, PVL production, virulence genes, and spa type were recorded. The data from 103 articles were abstracted into an Excel database. Analysis of the data showed that the overall proportion of MRSA-ST80 has been decreasing in many countries in recent years. The majority of MRSA-ST80 were PVL positive with spa-type t044. Only six reports of MRSA-ST80 in extra-human niches were found. This review summarizes the rise of MRSA-ST80 and the evidence that suggests that it could be in decline in many countries.

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The Evolution and Dissemination of Methicillin Resistance Determinant in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 9 publications

References 108 publications

Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 Clone: A Systematic Review

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