The evolution and functions of nuclei of the visual pulvinar in primates

Baldwin, Mary K. L.; Balaram, Pooja; Kaas, Jon H.

doi:10.1002/cne.24272

Cited by 101 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, we focus primarily on the inferior and lateral pulvinar divisions. The inferior and lateral divisions share strong connections with cortical visual structures, receive input from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (PIp and PIcm), and also receive direct projections from the retina (PIm) (See Baldwin et al, ; Baldwin & Bourne ; Bridge et al, for review).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PIcl is often considered to be functionally associated with the lateral pulvinar, PL (Kaas & Lyon, ; Baldwin et al, ), but for historical consistency, PIcl is still considered to be within the inferior pulvinar. This subdivision is more clearly differentiated from PIcm by its relatively lighter VGLUT2 staining characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) is responsible for transferring glutamate into presynaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neurons across the central nervous system and has been associated with excitatory inputs from subcortical structures (i.e., Balaram, Takahata, & Kaas, ; Balaram, Hackett, & Kaas, ; Rovo, Ulbert, & Acsady, ). Importantly, tissue processed for VGLUT2 protein expression reveals specific subdivisions of the pulvinar that are not always apparent in other histological stains, such as calbindin (Baldwin, Balaram, & Kaas, ). The subcortical visual structures have not been studied using VGLUT2 immunohistological preparations in New World monkeys (except for the pulvinar in squirrel monkeys, Baldwin et al, ), but VGLUT2 has been used to study the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and pulvinar complex of galagos (Balaram et al, ; Baldwin et al, 2013), macaques (Balaram et al, ), as well as tree shrews and squirrels (Baldwin et al, ; Balaram et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Importantly, tissue processed for VGLUT2 protein expression reveals specific subdivisions of the pulvinar that are not always apparent in other histological stains, such as calbindin (Baldwin, Balaram, & Kaas, ). The subcortical visual structures have not been studied using VGLUT2 immunohistological preparations in New World monkeys (except for the pulvinar in squirrel monkeys, Baldwin et al, ), but VGLUT2 has been used to study the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and pulvinar complex of galagos (Balaram et al, ; Baldwin et al, 2013), macaques (Balaram et al, ), as well as tree shrews and squirrels (Baldwin et al, ; Balaram et al, ). These immunohistological stains were used in conjunction with more classical architectonic staining procedures such as cytochrome oxidase (CO), Nissl, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), to reveal thalamic borders, the laminar organization of the superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate nucleus, as well as subdivisions of the pulvinar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Architectonic characteristics of the visual thalamus and superior colliculus in titi monkeys

Baldwin

Krubitzer

2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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Titi monkeys are arboreal, diurnal New World monkeys whose ancestors were the first surviving branch of the New World radiation. In the current study, we use cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical characteristics to compare titi monkey subcortical structures associated with visual processing with those of other well-studied primates. Our goal was to appreciate features that are similar across all New World monkeys, and primates in general, versus those features that are unique to titi monkeys and other primate taxa. We examined tissue stained for Nissl substance, cytochrome oxidase (CO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin (Cb), parvalbumin (Pv), and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) to characterize the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual pulvinar. This is the first study to characterize VGLUT2 in multiple subcortical structures of any New World monkey. Our results from tissue processed for VGLUT2, in combination with other histological stains, revealed distinct features of subcortical structures that are similar to other primates, but also some features that are slightly modified compared to other New World monkeys and other primates. These included subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar, sublamina within the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) of the superior colliculus, and specific koniocellular layers within the lateral geniculate nucleus. Compared to other New World primates, many features of the subcortical structures that we examined in titi monkeys were most similar to those in owl monkeys and marmosets, with the lateral geniculate nucleus consisting of two main parvocellular layers and two magnocellular layers separated by interlaminar zones or koniocellular layers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Architectonic characteristics of the visual thalamus and superior colliculus in titi monkeys

Baldwin

Krubitzer

2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In all “normal” term brains (Zagreb Neuroembryological Collection), we found strongly myelinated fiber bundles running along the VZ and SVZ, and also found that these myelinated tracts stop at the border of visual areas 17/18. This fiber system may represent a projection from the associative pulvinar nucleus, from the visual pulvinar (Kostović and Rakić 1984; Baldwin et al 2017) and primary visual projection from the lateral geniculate body (Polyak 1957). The other possibility is that the early myelinated fibers belong to geniculocortical projections, as proposed by other authors (Yakovlev and Lecours 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive histogenesis of axonal strata and proliferative zones in the human fetal cerebral wall

et al. 2018

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Development of the cerebral wall is characterized by partially overlapping histogenetic events. However, little is known with regards to when, where, and how growing axonal pathways interact with progenitor cell lineages in the proliferative zones of the human fetal cerebrum. We analyzed the developmental continuity and spatial distribution of the axonal sagittal strata (SS) and their relationship with proliferative zones in a series of human brains (8–40 post-conceptional weeks; PCW) by comparing histological, histochemical, and immunocytochemical data with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Between 8.5 and 11 PCW, thalamocortical fibers from the intermediate zone (IZ) were initially dispersed throughout the subventricular zone (SVZ), while sizeable axonal “invasion” occurred between 12.5 and 15 PCW followed by callosal fibers which “delaminated” the ventricular zone-inner SVZ from the outer SVZ (OSVZ). During midgestation, the SS extensively invaded the OSVZ, separating cell bands, and a new multilaminar axonal-cellular compartment (MACC) was formed. Preterm period reveals increased complexity of the MACC in terms of glial architecture and the thinning of proliferative bands. The addition of associative fibers and the formation of the centrum semiovale separated the SS from the subplate. In vivo MRI of the occipital SS indicates a “triplet” structure of alternating hypointense and hyperintense bands. Our results highlighted the developmental continuity of sagittally oriented “corridors” of projection, commissural and associative fibers, and histogenetic interaction with progenitors, neurons, and glia. Histogenetical changes in the MACC, and consequently, delineation of the SS on MRI, may serve as a relevant indicator of white matter microstructural integrity in the developing brain.

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A structural and resting‐state functional connectivity investigation of the pulvinar in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients

Ayyıldız

Sutcubasi

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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In Alzheimer's disease (AD), structural and functional changes in the brain may give rise to disruption of specific cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional connectivity alterations in the pulvinar's subdivisions and total pulvinar voxel-based morphometry (VBM) changes in individuals with AD and healthy controls.A seed-based functional connectivity analysis was applied to the anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial pulvinar in each hemisphere. Furthermore, VBM analysis was carried out to compare gray matter (GM) volume differences in the pulvinar and thalamus between the two groups. Connectivity analysis revealed that the pulvinar subdivisions had decreased connectivity in individuals with AD. In addition, the pulvinar and thalamus in each hemisphere were significantly smaller in the AD group. The pulvinar may have a role in AD-related cognitive impairments and the intrinsic connectivity network changes and GM loss in pulvinar subdivisions suggest the cognitive deterioration occurring in those with AD.

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The evolution and functions of nuclei of the visual pulvinar in primates

Cited by 101 publications

References 126 publications

Architectonic characteristics of the visual thalamus and superior colliculus in titi monkeys

Architectonic characteristics of the visual thalamus and superior colliculus in titi monkeys

Interactive histogenesis of axonal strata and proliferative zones in the human fetal cerebral wall

A structural and resting‐state functional connectivity investigation of the pulvinar in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients

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