The evolution of a G1/S transcriptional network in yeasts

Hendler, Adi; Medina, Edgar M.; Buchler, Nicolas E.; Bruin, Robertus A.M. de; Aharoni, Amir

doi:10.1007/s00294-017-0726-3

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Here, although deletion of the SWI4 gene encoding the DNA-binding component of the SBF complex did not induce ethanol hypersensitivity, the Δswi6 mutant lacking the transcriptional activator of the SBF complex was severely sensitive to ethanol. This may be due to the fact that Swi6p can complex with two DNA-binding components, i.e., Swi4p and Mbp1p, to form the redundant SBF and MBF (MluI cell cycle box-binding factor) complexes, respectively, which coordinately regulate the transcription of late-G 1 -specific genes, such as genes encoding cyclins and genes required for DNA synthesis and repair (24). Therefore, the loss of SBF activity in the Δswi4 mutant may be compensated for by MBF activity to control the expression of their targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of the Cell Wall Integrity and High-Osmolarity Glycerol Pathways in Response to Ethanol Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Udom

Chansongkrow

Charoensawan

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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During fermentation, a high ethanol concentration is a major stress that influences the vitality and viability of yeast cells, which in turn leads to a termination of the fermentation process. In this study, we show that the BCK1 and SLT2 genes encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, respectively, are essential for ethanol tolerance, suggesting that the CWI pathway is involved in the response to ethanol-induced cell wall stress. Upon ethanol exposure, the CWI pathway induces the expression of specific cell wall-remodeling genes, including FKS2, CRH1, and PIR3 (encoding ␤-1,3-glucan synthase, chitin transglycosylase, and O-glycosylated cell wall protein, respectively), which eventually leads to the remodeling of the cell wall structure. Our results revealed that in response to ethanol stress, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway plays a collaborative role with the CWI pathway in inducing cell wall remodeling via the upregulation of specific cell wall biosynthesis genes such as the CRH1 gene. Furthermore, the substantial expression of CWI-responsive genes is also triggered by external hyperosmolarity, suggesting that the adaptive changes in the cell wall are crucial for protecting yeast cells against not only cell wall stress but also osmotic stress. On the other hand, the cell wall stress-inducing agent calcofluor white has no effect on promoting the expression of GPD1, a major target gene of the HOG pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that during ethanol stress, the CWI and HOG pathways collaboratively regulate the transcription of specific cell wall biosynthesis genes, thereby leading to adaptive changes in the cell wall. IMPORTANCE The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used in industrial fermentations, including the production of alcoholic beverages and bioethanol. During fermentation, an increased ethanol concentration is the main stress that affects yeast metabolism and inhibits ethanol production. This work presents evidence that in response to ethanol stress, both CWI and HOG pathways cooperate to control the expression of cell wall-remodeling genes in order to build the adaptive strength of the cell wall. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive responses and tolerance of yeast to ethanol stress, which is essential for successful engineering of yeast strains for improved ethanol tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of the Cell Wall Integrity and High-Osmolarity Glycerol Pathways in Response to Ethanol Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Udom

Chansongkrow

Charoensawan

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The cells decide whether to be quiescent, differentiate, or proliferate during the G 1 /S transition. Thus, G 1 /S transition is an important cell cycle check point which is regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes ( 45 , 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain lipid-binding protein promotes proliferation and modulates cell cycle in C6 rat glioma cells

Han

Zhang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Oncology

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Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors affecting adults. Four grades of gliomas have been identified, namely, grades I–IV. Brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), which functions in the intracellular transport of fatty acids, is expressed in all grades of human gliomas. The glioma cells that are cultured in vitro are grouped into the BLBP-positive and BLBP-negative cell lines. In the present study, we found that C6 rat glioma cells was a distinct type of BLBP-negative cell line. Our results confirmed that in the C6 cells, the expression of exogenous BLBP increased the proliferation and percentage of cells in the S phase, in the culture medium containing 10 or 1% FBS. Moreover, exogenous BLBP was found to downregulate the tumor suppressors p21 and p16 in the 1% FBS culture medium, but only p21 in the 10% FBS culture medium. The results of the xenograft model assay showed that exogenous BLBP also stimulated tumor formation and downregulated p21 and p16. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that exogenous BLBP promoted proliferation of the C6 cells in vitro and facilitated tumor formation in vivo. Therefore, BLBP expression in glioma cells may promote cell growth by inhibiting the tumor suppressors.

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“…However, Swi6 is necessary for the binding of Swi4 to DNA by relieving an auto-inhibitory intramolecular association of the Swi4 C-terminal domain with its own DNA binding domain [123,124]. SBF principally regulates G1-specific transcription genes [125,126]; however, it is also involved in the expression of a small subset of CWI genes under elevated growth temperature, including FKS2, CHA1, YLR042C, and YKR013W. This induction is mediated via a non-catalytic mechanism proposed by Levin and colleagues [98-100,127] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Transcriptional Activation Mechanism For Sbf-dependent Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Gene Expression via the Yeast CWI Pathway

Sanz

García

Pavón-Vergés

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Living cells exposed to stressful environmental situations can elicit cellular responses that guarantee maximal cell survival. Most of these responses are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Cell wall damage conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae elicit rescue mechanisms mainly associated with reprogramming specific transcriptional responses via the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Regulation of gene expression by this pathway is coordinated by the MAPK Slt2/Mpk1, mainly via Rlm1 and, to a lesser extent, through SBF (Swi4/Swi6) transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms controlling gene expression upon cell wall stress and the role of chromatin structure in these processes. Some of these mechanisms are also discussed in the context of other stresses governed by different yeast MAPK pathways. Slt2 regulates both transcriptional initiation and elongation by interacting with chromatin at the promoter and coding regions of CWI-responsive genes but using different mechanisms for Rlm1- and SBF-dependent genes. Since MAPK pathways are very well conserved in eukaryotic cells and are essential for controlling cellular physiology, improving our knowledge regarding how they regulate gene expression could impact the future identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

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The evolution of a G1/S transcriptional network in yeasts

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Coordination of the Cell Wall Integrity and High-Osmolarity Glycerol Pathways in Response to Ethanol Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Coordination of the Cell Wall Integrity and High-Osmolarity Glycerol Pathways in Response to Ethanol Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Brain lipid-binding protein promotes proliferation and modulates cell cycle in C6 rat glioma cells

Control of Gene Expression via the Yeast CWI Pathway

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