The Evolution of Analysis Methods for Laterally Loaded Piles Through Time

Moussa, Ahmed; Christou, Petros

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61642-1_7

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…To study the behaviour of laterally loaded piles different methodologies such as the Sub grade Reaction approach, Ultimate Limit State method, Continuum approach, and Finite Element approach have been reported in the literature [2]. The present study utilizes the sub grade reaction approach utilized by the Indian standard method and the M&R method for the calculation of ULLC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limitation led to the development of the p-y curve method, which utilizes the finite difference method to model the soil resistance [1]. The P-y curve approach gives a reasonable result, and that's why the study of pile behaviour under lateral action is widely adopted in software programmers like LPILE and FBPIER [2]. The present study incorporates the use of a subgrade reaction approach through the P-y curve method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Lateral Load Capacity of Single Pile at Bettiah Site: A Parametric Study

Kumar¹,

Choudhary²,

Kumar³

2023

New Frontiers in Communication and Intelligent Systems

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Pile foundations are a widely used and accepted approach to transferring superstructure load to a deeper and stronger stratum. This work has been focused on the assessment of the effects of different parameters associated with piles, such as pile diameter, pile length, grade of concrete, and pile head condition (i.e., free or fixed) on the lateral load capacity. To evaluate the lateral load capacity considering the aforementioned parameters, ‘IS Code’ and ‘Matlock and Reese’ methodologies have been utilized. Soil exploration data has been collected from ten different boreholes near the railway bridge at Bettiah site, Bihar. The results of lateral pile load at different boreholes show that the lateral load capacity of the pile significantly increases with the increase of pile diameters and grades of concrete. The lateral load capacity of the pile was increased approximately by 13%, from both the IS Code and the Matlock and Reese methods, when the grade of concrete was increased from M25 to M40. It was also found that the condition of the pile head also plays a major role in lateral load capacity. The lateral load capacity of the pile, obtained from the IS code method under fixed head conditions, was found to be higher as compared to the free head condition. It has also been observed that the lower values of safe bearing capacity for fixed heads and lower values for the free head condition were obtained by the IS Code as compared to the Matlock and Reese method.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Lateral Load Capacity of Single Pile at Bettiah Site: A Parametric Study

Kumar¹,

Choudhary²,

Kumar³

2023

New Frontiers in Communication and Intelligent Systems

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“…Many methods have been developed in the literature for calculating a horizontal force pile, but unfortunately there is not one that is absolutely reliable. A conditional division of all methods can be made, dividing them into several groups [1]: (a) ULS -the ultimate limit state approach , (b) SRAthe subgrade reaction approach, (c) the continuum method, and (d) the finite element method (FEM). The methods of ultimate limit design [1] are represented by Blum approach, Brinch Hansen's Method, Broms Method in wich there is a static equation investigating the moment of limit state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conditional division of all methods can be made, dividing them into several groups [1]: (a) ULS -the ultimate limit state approach , (b) SRAthe subgrade reaction approach, (c) the continuum method, and (d) the finite element method (FEM). The methods of ultimate limit design [1] are represented by Blum approach, Brinch Hansen's Method, Broms Method in wich there is a static equation investigating the moment of limit state. The Subgrade Reaction Aproach (SRA) starts with Winkler's hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a two pile frame for a horizontal force

Markov

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The article analyzes a pile frame composed of two bored piles with a diameter of 40 cm. The frame is subjected to a horizontal force. Calculations in three different method are conducted – subgrade reaction approach, 2D plaxis and 3D plaxis, after which a comparison was made between the results of the individual methods. The aim is to see under what conditions a subgrade reaction method is suitable for use without moving away from sure side. Results were also obtained for the distribution of the value of the spring constant by depth, as well as values for the ratio between the resistance of the second and first pile. A proposal has been made for obtaining a p-curve that can be applied to any of the linear approximation methods.

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“…The growing importance to analyze the structures, such as high-rise buildings, bridges, offshore platforms, etc., resting on pile foundations and acted upon by various horizonal forces (wind, wave, currents and seismic events) has led to various analysis methods over time. An extensive literature review has been conducted by the authors Moussa and Christou [1] who summarized and grouped the various analysis methods of laterally loaded single pile under static loading into four categories: (a) ultimate limit state method (ULS); (b) subgrade reaction approach; (c) finite element method (FEM); and (d) continuum method. Several researchers developed different types of the ultimate limit state (ULS) methods, such as the Blum method [2], Brinch Hansen's method [3] and Brom's method [4][5][6], which aim at obtaining the maximum lateral loads that are supported by the piles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Based Approach: Analysis of a Laterally Loaded Pile in Multi-Layered Non-Linear Elastic Soil Strata

Arvan

Arockiasamy

2022

Geotechnics

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Several studies have been reported in published literature on analytical solutions for a laterally loaded pile installed in a homogeneous single soil layer. However, piles are rarely installed in an ideal homogeneous single soil layer. The present study describes a new continuum-based analysis or energy-based approach for predicting the pile displacement responses subjected to static lateral loads and moments considering the soil non-linearity. This analytical analysis treats the pile as an elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam and the soil as a three-dimensional (3D) continuum in which the non-linear elastic properties are described by a modulus degradation relationship. The principle of virtual work was applied to the energy equation of a pile–soil system in order to obtain the governing differential equation for the pile and soil displacements. An iterative procedure was adopted to solve the equations numerically using a finite difference method (FDM). The pile displacement response was obtained using the software MATLAB R2021a, and the results from the energy-based method were compared with those obtained from the field test data as well as the finite element analysis (FEA) based on the software ANSYS Workbench 2021R1. The present study investigated the effect of explicit incorporation of soil properties and layering through a parametric study in order to understand the importance of predicting appropriate pile displacement responses in a linear elastic soil system. The responses indicated that the effect of soil layers and their thicknesses, pile properties and the variation in soil moduli have a direct impact on the displacements of piles subjected to lateral loading. Hence, a proper emphasis has to be given to account for the soil non-linearity. Considering the effect of soil non-linearity, it is observed that the results obtained from the energy-based method agreed well with the field measured values and those obtained from the FEA. The results indicated a difference of approximately less than 7% between the proposed method and the FEA. The approach presented in this study can be further extended to piles embedded in multi-layered soil strata subjected to the combined action of axial loads, lateral loads and moments. Furthermore, the same approach can be extended to study the response of the soil to group piles.

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The Evolution of Analysis Methods for Laterally Loaded Piles Through Time

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Assessment of Lateral Load Capacity of Single Pile at Bettiah Site: A Parametric Study

Assessment of Lateral Load Capacity of Single Pile at Bettiah Site: A Parametric Study

Analysis of a two pile frame for a horizontal force

Energy-Based Approach: Analysis of a Laterally Loaded Pile in Multi-Layered Non-Linear Elastic Soil Strata

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