The evolution of botulinum neurotoxin type A for cosmetic applications

Carruthers, Jean; Carruthers, Alastair

doi:10.1080/14764170701411470

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the last decade, BoNT has been increasingly used in the field of aesthetics to reduce wrinkles and to rejuvenate skin. [6][7][8] Other than the commonly treated upper face region, BoNT-A has been gradually used in the perioral, chin and neck regions, either alone or combined with other aesthetic procedures. Azzalure Ò (Galderma) is a BoNT-A product specifically designed for aesthetic applications and it recently received approvals in 15 European countries for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar (frown) lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit): a clinical overview

Rzany

Ascher²,

Gd³

2009

Acad Dermatol Venereol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Azzalure (Galderma) is a newly approved European botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) specifically designed for aesthetic usages. It is sourced from Dysport (Ipsen Ltd.), which has a 20-year product consistency and has been used widely for various therapeutic and aesthetic applications. Azzalure and Dysport are collectively referred to as BoNT-A (Speywood Unit; s.U) (or abobotulinumtoxinA in the U.S.) after their biological activity unit, which is unique and not interchangeable with units of other commercial BoNT-A preparations. Azzalure is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines, with a total dose of 50 s.U distributed evenly among 5 injection points. To ensure optimal treatment outcomes with BoNT-A (s.U), it is crucial for injectors to adopt proper methods of reconstitution and injection, which can be acquired through training. We review here the method of reconstitution for BoNT-A (s.U), as well as the injection dose, points and techniques for glabellar line treatment. We also review the efficacy and safety results of BoNT-A (s.U) demonstrated in 11 clinical studies, most of which were randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. The studies included assessments after single injections as well as after up to 6 repeated treatment sessions. We summarize the clinical efficacy results, which include the responder rate 1 month post-injection, onset of response and duration of action, as well as safety results, which include incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events and specifically eyelid ptosis. The efficacy and safety profiles reported here are unique to BoNT-A (s.U) and cannot be generalized to other BoNT-A products.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit): a clinical overview

Rzany

Ascher²,

Gd³

2009

Acad Dermatol Venereol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The only modification of the original toxin occurred in 1997, when the amount of immunogenic protein in the product was reduced. Botox currently represents 85% of the world market for BTX [29].…”

Section: Botox Cosmetic/vistabel/vistabex (Allergan Inc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fillers and Botulinum Toxins

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The various botulinum toxins authorised in Europe display clear differences and are not interchangeable, as indicated in the official authorisation documents [15,16]. Therefore, in the USA in 2009 at the behest of the FDA, new active substance names were introduced to avoid confusion and to improve drug safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%