The Evolution of Canalization and Evolvability in Stable and Fluctuating Environments

Rouzic, Arnaud Le; Álvarez-Castro, José M.; Hansen, Thomas F.

doi:10.1007/s11692-012-9218-z

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…In fact, models that include non‐additive (epistatic) genetic effects show that increasing levels of fluctuating selection lead to increasingly de‐canalized genotypes (i.e. larger mutational effects due to less canalizing epistasis), and hence to increased additive genetic variance (Kawecki, ; Le Rouzic et al, ). Interestingly, Le Rouzic et al .…”

Section: Life‐history Variation and Pols Covariation At Different Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, models that include non-additive (epistatic) genetic effects show that increasing levels of fluctuating selection lead to increasingly de-canalized genotypes (i.e. larger mutational effects due to less canalizing epistasis), and hence to increased additive genetic variance (Kawecki, 2000;Le Rouzic et al, 2013). Interestingly, Le Rouzic et al (2013) do not interpret this increase in genetic variance as an adaptation to fluctuating environments, even when it is favourable for the population in terms of greater evolvability along the line of the fluctuations in selection.…”

Section: (3) Evolution Of Genetic (Co-)variation (G-matrix Polss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life‐history evolution under fluctuating density‐dependent selection and the adaptive alignment of pace‐of‐life syndromes

et al. 2018

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We present a novel perspective on life-history evolution that combines recent theoretical advances in fluctuating density-dependent selection with the notion of pace-of-life syndromes (POLSs) in behavioural ecology. These ideas posit phenotypic co-variation in life-history, physiological, morphological and behavioural traits as a continuum from the highly fecund, short-lived, bold, aggressive and highly dispersive 'fast' types at one end of the POLS to the less fecund, long-lived, cautious, shy, plastic and socially responsive 'slow' types at the other. We propose that such variation in life histories and the associated individual differences in behaviour can be explained through their eco-evolutionary dynamics with population density - a single and ubiquitous selective factor that is present in all biological systems. Contrasting regimes of environmental stochasticity are expected to affect population density in time and space and create differing patterns of fluctuating density-dependent selection, which generates variation in fast versus slow life histories within and among populations. We therefore predict that a major axis of phenotypic co-variation in life-history, physiological, morphological and behavioural traits (i.e. the POLS) should align with these stochastic fluctuations in the multivariate fitness landscape created by variation in density-dependent selection. Phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic (co-)variation oriented along this major POLS axis are thus expected to facilitate rapid and adaptively integrated changes in various aspects of life histories within and among populations and/or species. The fluctuating density-dependent selection POLS framework presented here therefore provides a series of clear testable predictions, the investigation of which should further our fundamental understanding of life-history evolution and thus our ability to predict natural population dynamics.

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Section: Life‐history Variation and Pols Covariation At Different Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (3) Evolution Of Genetic (Co-)variation (G-matrix Polss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐history evolution under fluctuating density‐dependent selection and the adaptive alignment of pace‐of‐life syndromes

et al. 2018

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“…Some selection experiments have suggested that variation may respond to stabilizing and disruptive selection . It remains unclear, however, how efficiently selection can mold genetic and environmental variation, and how covariation can respond to selection given that covariation may change without changes in the variational properties of individual traits. The evolution of covariance between trait size and body size directly links the evolution of the static allometric slope with the evolution of the phenotypic and genetic covariance matrices ( P and G on log scale).…”

Section: Is Static Allometry Evolvable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of morphological allometry

Pélabon

Firmat

Bolstad

et al. 2014

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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23Allometry refers to the power-law relationship that often occurs between body parts and total 24 body size. Whether measured during growth (ontogenetic allometry), among individuals at 25 similar developmental stage (static allometry) or among populations or species (evolutionary 26 allometry), allometric relationships are often surprisingly tight, and relatively invariant. 27Consequently, it has been suggested that allometry could constrain phenotypic evolution, that 28 is, force evolving species along fixed trajectories. Alternatively allometric relationship may 29 result from selection. Despite nearly a century of active research on allometry, distinguishing 30 between these two alternatives remains difficult partly due to the use of a broad sense 31 definition of allometry where the meaning of relative growth was lost. Focusing on the 32 original narrow-sense definition of allometry, we review evidence for and against the 33 "allometry as a constraint" hypothesis. Although the low evolvability of the static allometric 34 slopes observed in some studies suggests a possible constraining effect of this parameter on 35 phenotypic evolution, the nearly complete absence of knowledge about selection on allometry 36 prevents any firm conclusion. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Introduction 42Allometry is the study of the relationship between body size and other organismal traits. 43Allometry is important because variation in a wide variety of morphological, physiological 44 and life history traits are highly correlated with organism size [1,2,3]. These relationships 45 generate intuitive hypotheses for understanding trait variation; for example, the fact that 46 humans are larger than mice can be used to explain why the basal metabolic rate of a human 47 is much higher than the basal metabolic rate of a mouse. In most cases, traits show a non-48 linear relationship with size that is accurately captured by a power relationship of the form z = 49, where the trait value is z, the organism size is x, and a and b are parameters of the 50 relationship. If b = 1, the relationship between the trait and size is linear, a condition referred 51 to as isometry. When b ≠ 1, the relationship is non-linear on the arithmetic scale. For 52 example, the basal metabolic rate in mammals scales with body mass with a coefficient b ≈ 53 0.71 [4]; as a result, for every unit increase in mass, a larger organism will have a smaller 54 increase in basal metabolic rate than a smaller organism. Consequently, humans have a basal 55 metabolic rate 5 to 10 times smaller than a mouse when corrected for body size. The ubiquity 56 of these power-law relationships has led biologists to refer to them as allometric relationships. 57Analyzed on log-transformed data these relationships become linear: log(z) = log(a) + 58 b×log(x), where log(a) and b re...

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“…Furthermore, standing genetic variation may depend on historical patterns of selection. How these different modes of selection affect standing genetic variation is not clear and depends on specific aspects of the genetic architecture of the traits (Hermisson et al 2003;Carter et al 2005;Le Rouzic et al 2013). In self-incompatible species and species exhibiting complete dichogamy (temporal separation of sexual functions), selection on floral architecture is more likely to promote accurate positioning of anthers and stigmas with regard to where they contact pollinators, than to act on herkogamy as a mechanism of facilitating or avoiding self-pollination.…”

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confidence: 99%

The evolvability of herkogamy: Quantifying the evolutionary potential of a composite trait

et al. 2017

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Accurate estimates of trait evolvabilities are central to predicting the short-term evolutionary potential of populations, and hence their ability to adapt to changing environments. We quantify and evaluate the evolvability of herkogamy, the spatial separation of male and female structures in flowers, a key floral trait associated with variation in mating systems. We compiled genetic-variance estimates for herkogamy and related floral traits, computed evolvabilities, and compared these among trait groups and among species differing in their mating systems. When measured in percentage of its own size, the median evolvability of herkogamy was an order of magnitude greater than the evolvability of other floral size measurements, and was generally not strongly constrained by genetic covariance between its components (pistil and stamen lengths). Median evolvabilities were similar across mating systems, with only a tendency toward reduction in highly selfing taxa. We conclude that herkogamy has the potential to evolve rapidly in response to changing environments. This suggests that the extensive variation in herkogamy commonly observed among closely related populations and species may result from rapid adaptive tracking of fitness optima determined by variation in pollinator communities or other selective factors.

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The Evolution of Canalization and Evolvability in Stable and Fluctuating Environments

Cited by 46 publications

References 135 publications

Life‐history evolution under fluctuating density‐dependent selection and the adaptive alignment of pace‐of‐life syndromes

Life‐history evolution under fluctuating density‐dependent selection and the adaptive alignment of pace‐of‐life syndromes

Evolution of morphological allometry

The evolvability of herkogamy: Quantifying the evolutionary potential of a composite trait

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