The evolution of chemical defenses along invasion routes: <i>Harmonia axyridis</i> Pallas (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) as a case study

Magro, Alexandra; Ramon‐Portugal, Felipe; Facon, Benoît; Ducamp, Christine; Hemptinne, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1002/ece3.4299

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Additionally, as time progresses, not only do consumers become less wary of invaders and change their foraging behaviour as described here, but other mechanisms could also influence in strengthening the biotic interactions. For instance, over time, invaders may also undergo physiological changes that could reduce either their toxicity or their allelochemical potential (Lankau et al, 2009 ; Magro et al, 2018 ; Van Kleunen et al, 2018 ), thus becoming more susceptible to biological control by competition or herbivory. For this reason, snapshot studies that only focus on a specific point in time give us only a limited view of the importance of biotic resistance towards an invader since the outcomes may vary greatly influenced across time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning takes time: Biotic resistance by native herbivores increases through the invasion process

et al. 2022

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As invasive species spread, the ability of local communities to resist invasion depends on the strength of biotic interactions. Evolutionarily unused to the invader, native predators or herbivores may be initially unskilled or wary of consuming newcomers, allowing them to proliferate. However, these relationships may be highly dynamic, and novel consumer-resource interactions could form as familiarity grows. Here, we explore the development of effective biotic resistance towards a highly invasive alga in the Mediterranean using multiple space-for-time approaches. We show that the principal native Mediterranean herbivore learns to consume the invader species within less than a decade. At recently invaded sites, the herbivore actively avoided the alga, shifting to distinct preference and high consumptions at older sites, even when invader abundance 2 was low. This rapid strengthening of the interaction contributed to the eventual collapse of the alga after an initial dominance. Therefore, our results stress the importance of conserving key native populations to allow communities to develop effective resistance mechanisms against invaders with time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning takes time: Biotic resistance by native herbivores increases through the invasion process

et al. 2022

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“…Indeed, resources invested in defense are traded off against growth and reproduction in plants (Herms & Mattson, 1992 ) and in animals (Braendle et al, 2011 ). For BCAs, Magro et al ( 2018 ) reported evolutionary changes leading to an increase in reproduction and a decrease in defense for three populations of the ladybird H. axyridis along its invasion route (Figure 1 ). This and other studies also show that, at length, natural enemies in the introduced range might adapt to the exotic BCA leading to a shift in selection toward better defended genotypes with negative consequences for competition capacities (Knapp et al, 2019 ), which could eventually limit the BCA success in biological control programs.…”

Section: Natural Processes Of Evolution and Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control needs evolutionary perspectives of ecological interactions

Sentis

Hemptinne

Margo

et al. 2022

Evolutionary Applications

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While ecological interactions have been identified as determinant for biological control efficiency, the role of evolution remains largely underestimated in biological control programs. With the restrictions on the use of both pesticides and exotic biological control agents (BCAs), the evolutionary optimization of local BCAs becomes central for improving the efficiency and the resilience of biological control. In particular, we need to better account for the natural processes of evolution to fully understand the interactions of pests and BCAs, including in biocontrol strategies integrating human manipulations of evolution (i.e., artificial selection and genetic engineering). In agroecosystems, the evolution of BCAs traits and performance depends on heritable phenotypic variation, trait genetic architecture, selection strength, stochastic processes, and other selective forces. Humans can manipulate these natural processes to increase the likelihood of evolutionary trait improvement, by artificially increasing heritable phenotypic variation, strengthening selection, controlling stochastic processes, or overpassing evolution through genetic engineering. We highlight these facets by reviewing recent studies addressing the importance of natural processes of evolution and human manipulations of these processes in biological control. We then discuss the interactions between the natural processes of evolution occurring in agroecosystems and affecting the artificially improved BCAs after their release. We emphasize that biological control cannot be summarized by interactions between species pairs because pests and biological control agents are entangled in diverse communities and are exposed to a multitude of deterministic and stochastic selective forces that can change rapidly in direction and intensity. We conclude that the combination of different evolutionary approaches can help optimize BCAs to remain efficient under changing environmental conditions and, ultimately, favor agroecosystem sustainability.

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Geographical variation in parasitoid communities and the cause of enemy-free space in a range-expanding myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly

Nakabayashi,

Ohshima

2023

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Range expansions of host species are likely to modify host–parasitoid interactions. Observational studies have indicated that host species in recently colonized areas are less frequently attacked by parasitoids; however, these studies did not determine whether traditional parasitoids can still use host populations in these areas. Thus, it is unclear why the host has escaped from their traditional parasitoids in their recently colonized areas. In this study, we examined the interaction between myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly, Arhopala japonica, and its larval parasitoids in northern Japan, a recently colonised area. This region corresponds to a distribution of A. japonica, a myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly. No parasitoids emerged from A. japonica larvae collected in the north, whereas six parasitoid species attacked the host larvae in native areas. Attacks from the braconid wasp Cotesia sp. near inducta were the most common; however, parasitism tests revealed that Cotesia sp. near inducta and other parasitoid species completed their development successfully regardless of origin of their butterfly hosts. Population genetic analyses supported the recent range expansion of both A. japonica and Cotesia sp. near inducta. These results suggest that both hosts and parasitoids have experienced recent population expansion; however, the more rapid range expansion of A. japonica has caused escape from the enemy in newly colonized areas.

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The evolution of chemical defenses along invasion routes: Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) as a case study

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Learning takes time: Biotic resistance by native herbivores increases through the invasion process

Learning takes time: Biotic resistance by native herbivores increases through the invasion process

Biological control needs evolutionary perspectives of ecological interactions

Geographical variation in parasitoid communities and the cause of enemy-free space in a range-expanding myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly

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