The Evolution of China’s Railway Network (CRN) 1999-2019: Urbanization Impact and Regional Connectivity

Abstract

With the rapid development of China’s economy and society, China’s railway transportation system has been dramatically improved in terms of its scale and operational efficiency. To uncover the underlying relationship between urbanization and railway network structure, this paper examines the evolution of China’s railway transportation system from 1999 to 2019 by applying complex network theory. The results show that China’s railway network (CRN) has become more connected, more “small-world” and more heterogeneous since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Based on the train flow and train travel distance, the evolutionary course of CRN is found to undergo two apparent stages, with a turning point in 2007. By calculating the regional railway connection index (RRCI), it is revealed that the planned core cities in different regions act as bridges connecting the regions to the rest of the whole network.

Incidence and mortality of lung cancer in 2018 and the temporal trends from 2010 to 2018 in Henan province, China: a population-based registry study

“…Second, in the past, the detection rate of lung cancer in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas due to air pollution, more frequent physical examinations, and opportunistic screening (13)(14)(15). However, with the accelerating process of rural urbanization, and the continuous spread of industrialization to rural area, the burden of lung cancer in rural areas has increased (17)(18)(19). This study also showed that the AAPCs of lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in rural areas from 2010 to 2018 were >0, and these changes were statistically significant.…”