The evolution of China’s regulation of agricultural biotechnology

Liang, Jingang; Yang, Xiaowei; Jiao, Yuchen; Wang, Danxia; Zhao, Qiang; Sun, Yu; Li, Yunhe; Wu, Kongming

doi:10.1007/s42994-022-00086-1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although transgenic crops undergo a pre-market regulatory safety assessment in many countries, the regulatory requirements for transgenic products may be different [ 19 ]. Additionally, the current regulations, especially for the management of gene editing crops, may be imperfect in some nations [ 20 ]. Considering that modern biotechnology breeding is usually limited by the various regulatory systems, transgene/marker-free biotechnologies are promising tools to produce genome modified plant food with desired modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanins in Plant Food: Current Status, Genetic Modification, and Future Perspectives

Zhang

Zhu

2023

Molecules

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Anthocyanins are naturally occurring polyphenolic pigments that give food varied colors. Because of their high antioxidant activities, the consumption of anthocyanins has been associated with the benefit of preventing various chronic diseases. However, due to natural evolution or human selection, anthocyanins are found only in certain species. Additionally, the insufficient levels of anthocyanins in the most common foods also limit the optimal benefits. To solve this problem, considerable work has been done on germplasm improvement of common species using novel gene editing or transgenic techniques. This review summarized the recent advances in the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and focused on the progress in using the CRISPR/Cas gene editing or multigene overexpression methods to improve plant food anthocyanins content. In response to the concerns of genome modified food, the future trends in developing anthocyanin-enriched plant food by using novel transgene or marker-free genome modified technologies are discussed. We hope to provide new insights and ideas for better using natural products like anthocyanins to promote human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanins in Plant Food: Current Status, Genetic Modification, and Future Perspectives

Zhang

Zhu

2023

Molecules

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“…The increase in yield and reduction in control costs may attract a large number of Chinese farmers to widely plant related varieties. Insect-resistant corn varieties that have been issued safety certificates mainly express proteins such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ab/Vip3Aa, Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj, and Cry1Ab/Cry2Ab, etc., and they efficiently target pests such as H. armigera , O. furnacalis , S. frugiperda, and Mythimna separata (lepidopteran pests) [ 15 , 88 ]. Considering that corn and soybean are important natural refuges (non-Bt crops) for resistance management of the cotton bollworm and that >55% of the farmland planting area (in the YRR/CRR area) has corn as a major crop, it is expected that a large amount of Bt corn may replace the original non-transgenic corn hectares.…”

Section: Challenges and Directions Of Cotton Pest Resistance Manageme...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Practical Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests to Bt Cotton in China

Quan

2023

Insects

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China is one of the major cotton producers globally with small farmers. Lepidopteran pests have always been the main factor affecting cotton production. To reduce the occurrence of and damage caused by lepidopteran pests, China has employed a pest control method focused on planting Bt (Cry1Ac) cotton since 1997. Chinese resistance management tactics for the main target pests, the cotton bollworm and pink bollworm, were also implemented. For polyphagous (multiple hosts) and migratory pests such as the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), the “natural refuge” strategy, consisting of non-Bt crops such as corn, soybean, vegetables, peanuts, and other host crops, was adopted in the Yellow River Region (YRR) and Northwest Region (NR). For a single host and weak migration ability pest, such as the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), the seed mix refuge strategy yields a random mixture within fields of 25% non-Bt cotton by sowing second-generation (F2) seeds. According to field monitoring results for more than 20 years in China, practical resistance (Bt cotton failure) of target pests was avoided, and there were no cases of Bt (Cry1Ac) failure of pest control in cotton production. This indicated that this Chinese resistance management strategy was very successful. The Chinese government has decided to commercialize Bt corn, which will inevitably reduce the role of natural refuges; therefore, this paper also discusses adjustments and future directions of cotton pest resistance management strategies.

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“…This is especially true if one considers the issues of transgenic management. According to China’s current policy for transgenic management, a new de novo maintainer must go through three stages of testing (an intermediate test, an environmental release test, and a production test) before a safety certificate will be granted (Li et al 2014 ; Liang et al 2022 ). The testing process requires extensive experiments, a large budget, and a minimum of 4 years before safety certificate application.…”

Section: Future Challenges and Opportunities For Tghrtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the GMS lines and hybrid combinations derived from TGHRT are still regarded as transgenic products in China. Nonetheless, China has gradually adjusted its gene editing technology and transgenic technology for crops such as soybeans and corn (Liang et al 2022 ). It is expected that TGHRT, once authorised for commercial application, will contribute significantly to rice production and food security in China and globally.…”

Section: Future Challenges and Opportunities For Tghrtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and Advances of Third-Generation Hybrid Rice Technology: A Review

Chen,

Wu,

Deng

et al. 2023

Rice

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. The utilisation of heterosis (hybrid vigour) has played a significant role in increasing rice yield and ensuring food supply. Over the past 50 years, the first-generation three-line system based on cytoplasmic male sterility, and the second-generation two-line system based on environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS), have been widely applied in hybrid rice production. However, the three-line system is restricted by the matching relationship among the three parental lines and allows only ~ 2–5% of germplasms to be explored for elite combinations. The environmental sensitivity of EGMS lines has posed serious risks to the production of hybrid seeds. These factors have hindered the development and applications of hybrid rice. Third-generation hybrid rice technology (TGHRT) is based on environment-insensitive genic male sterility, which can effectively overcome the intrinsic problems of the three-line and two-line systems. Since the establishment of TGHRT, numerous findings and innovations have been reported. This paper gives a brief review of traditional hybrid rice technologies and discusses the establishment of TGHRT, technical innovations in TGHRT, and future research that is necessary to promote the wide application of TGHRT in rice production.

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The evolution of China’s regulation of agricultural biotechnology

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Anthocyanins in Plant Food: Current Status, Genetic Modification, and Future Perspectives

Anthocyanins in Plant Food: Current Status, Genetic Modification, and Future Perspectives

Managing Practical Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests to Bt Cotton in China

Establishment and Advances of Third-Generation Hybrid Rice Technology: A Review

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