The evolution of cooperation in signed networks under the impact of structural balance

He, Xiaochen; Du, Haifeng; Cai, Meng; Feldman, Marcus W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205084

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Heider stated that for a triad to be balanced it must have an even number of negative relations, otherwise tension emerges. Structural balance has also been adapted and used to study different complex systems represented as signed networks: from adaptive behavior in social networks 33,34 to financial networks 35,36 , among others [37][38][39] . This characterization of triadic closure has also been investigated in terms of psychological states and clinical conditions 40,41 .…”

Section: Study 1: Investigating Structural Balance In Suicide Nodes Co-occurrence Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

Teixeira

Talaga

Swanson

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Understanding how people who commit suicide perceive their cognitive states and emotions represents an important open scientific challenge. We build upon cognitive network science, psycholinguistics and semantic frame theory to introduce a network representation of suicidal ideation as expressed in multiple suicide notes. By reconstructing the knowledge structure of such notes, we reveal interconnections between the ideas and emotional states of people who committed suicide through an analysis of emotional balance motivated by structural balance theory, semantic prominence and emotional profiling. Our results indicate that connections between positively- and negatively-valenced terms give rise to a degree of balance that is significantly higher than in a null model where the affective structure is randomized and in a linguistic baseline model capturing mind-wandering in absence of suicidal ideation. We show that suicide notes are affectively compartmentalized such that positive concepts tend to cluster together and dominate the overall network structure. Notably, this positive clustering diverges from perceptions of self, which are found to be dominated by negative, sad conceptual associations in analyses based on subject-verb-object relationships and emotional profiling. A key positive concept is “love”, which integrates information relating the self to others and is semantically prominent across suicide notes. The emotions constituting the semantic frame of “love” combine joy and trust with anticipation and sadness, which can be linked to psychological theories of meaning-making as well as narrative psychology. Our results open new ways for understanding the structure of genuine suicide notes and may be used to inform future research on suicide prevention.

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Section: Study 1: Investigating Structural Balance In Suicide Nodes Co-occurrence Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

Teixeira

Talaga

Swanson

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, when the network contains both positive and negative ties, network dynamics towards structural balance (e.g. 'a friend of a friend becomes a friend' and 'the enemy of a friend becomes an enemy') could efficiently drive the network towards in-group cooperation and cohesion [46,[168][169][170].…”

Section: Network and Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of reliable reputations and cooperation: a review

Takács

Gross

Testori

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Reputation has been shown to provide an informal solution to the problem of cooperation in human societies. After reviewing models that connect reputations and cooperation, we address how reputation results from information exchange embedded in a social network that changes endogenously itself. Theoretical studies highlight that network topologies have different effects on the extent of cooperation, since they can foster or hinder the flow of reputational information. Subsequently, we review models and empirical studies that intend to grasp the coevolution of reputations, cooperation and social networks. We identify open questions in the literature concerning how networks affect the accuracy of reputations, the honesty of shared information and the spread of reputational information. Certain network topologies may facilitate biased beliefs and intergroup competition or in-group identity formation that could lead to high cooperation within but conflicts between different subgroups of a network. Our review covers theoretical, experimental and field studies across various disciplines that target these questions and could explain how the dynamics of interactions and reputations help or prevent the establishment and sustainability of cooperation in small- and large-scale societies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling’.

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“…This rule captures tension in social connections and is a phenomenon supported by relevant social science literature (e.g. [52,53,54]). One possibility is to extend structural balance also to valenced words, as was done in previous work [7], in order to quantify tension in the outline of conceptual associations featuring negative words.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cognitive network science as a framework for detecting structural patterns and emotions in suicide letters

Stella¹,

Swanson²,

Y³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Communicating one's mindset means transmitting complex relationships between concepts and emotions. Using cognitive network science, we reconstruct the mindset around suicide as communicated in 139 genuine suicide notes. Despite their negative context, suicide notes are surprisingly positively valenced and their ending statements are markedly more emotional, i.e. elicit deeper fear/sadness but also stronger joy/trust and anticipation, than their main body. By using emotional states from the Emotional Recall Task, we "open the lid" of suicidal narratives and compare their emotional backbone against emotion recall in mentally healthy individuals. Supported by psychological literature, we introduce emotional complexity as an affective analogue of structural balance theory, measuring how elementary cycles (closed triads) of emotion co-occurrences mix positive, negative and neutral states in narratives and recollections. Both authors of suicide notes and healthy individuals exhibit less complexity and more emotional coherence than expected by chance. However, suicide narratives display higher complexity, i.e. a lower level of coherently valenced triads, than healthy individuals recalling the same states. Entropy measures identified a similar tendency for suicide letters to shift more frequently between contrasting emotional states. Our results demonstrate that suicide notes possess highly contrastive narratives of emotions, more complex than expected by null models and healthy populations.

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The evolution of cooperation in signed networks under the impact of structural balance

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

Networks of reliable reputations and cooperation: a review

Cognitive network science as a framework for detecting structural patterns and emotions in suicide letters

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