The Evolution of Costly Mate Preferences II. The 'Handicap' Principle

Iwasa, Yoh; Pomiankowski, Andrew; Nee, Sean

doi:10.2307/2409890

Cited by 469 publications

(525 citation statements)

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“…An interesting extension of the model developed here would be to use that approach to GOOD GENES AND DIRECT SELECTION OF PREFERENCES 2135 allow for the evolution of correlation between the male trait and fitness. Doing so will not, however, affect the present conclusions regarding the strength of the good genes process for a given value of the correlation.The previous models closest to the one developed in this paper are those by Kirkpatrick and Ryan (1991) and Iwasa et al (1991). They show the same qualitative pattern seen here: indirect selection pulls the preference from its natural selection optimum, leading to further exaggeration of the male trait.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

“…vious theoretical studies established that the mechanism can work in principle (Andersson 1982;Pomiankowski 1987a;Heywood 1989;Iwasa et al 1991), but they did not quantify the force of the good genes mechanism in terms of known quantities. The simulations here suggest that the good genes mechanism has modest effects under biologically plausible circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The good genes process is driven by the genetic correlation that builds up between the preference and genetic quality. The infinitesimal model allows this correlation to develop naturally, rather than being assumed as a fixed parameter of arbitrary size (as in Kirkpatrick 1986;Iwasa et al 1991;Pomiankowski et al 1991). Other theoretical approaches (e.g., Lande 1981; Barton and Turelli 1991; Turelli and Barton 1994) allow for the evolution of genetic variances and correlations with a finite number of loci.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the variance in the preference is very large, it creates disruptive selection on the male trait, which increases the trait's variance and limits its further exaggeration. None of these effects of genetic variation in the preference were noted in earlier models of the good genes process (Kirkpatrick 1986;Heywood 1989;Iwasa et al 1991;Iwasa and Pomiankowski 1994) because the genetic variances and covariances were treated as fixed parameters.Exaggeration of the preference via good genes has the side effect of decreasing W, the mean fitness of females and of the entire population. Table If shows that as the male trait becomes a better indicator of fitness, the preference is pulled further from its natural selection optimum, causing W to decline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The model makes detailed assumptions about the three traits involved: a male display trait, such as tail length in a bird; the "good genes" that affect total fitness directly and also influence expression of the display trait; and a female mating preference for the display trait. Quantitative genetic models of these three traits have been studied previously (Kirkpatrick 1986;Heywood 1989;Iwasa et al 1991;Iwasa and Pomiankowski 1994), and the models ofIwasa and his colleagues explicitly consider the interaction between direct selection and the good genes process. The earlier models,.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Good Genes and Direct Selection in the Evolution of Mating Preferences

1996

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Abstract.-A model is used to study quantitatively the impact of a good genes process and direct natural selection on the evolution of a mating preference. The expression of a male display trait is proportional to genetic quality, which is determined by the number of deleterious mutations a male carries throughout his genome. Genetic variances and covariances, including the covariance between the preference and male trait that drives the good genes process, are allowed to evolve under an infinitesimal model. Results suggest that the good genes process generates only weak indirect selection on preferences, with an effective selection intensity of a few percent or less, If preferences are subject to direct natural selection of the intensity observed for other characters, the good genes process alone is not expected to exaggerate the male trait by more than a few phenotypic standard deviations, contrary to what is observed in highly sexually selected species, Good genes can, however, cause substantial exaggeration if preference genes are nearly selectively neutral. Alternatively, direct selection on preference genes, acting on mating behavior itself or on the genes' pleiotropic effects, can cause mating preferences and male display traits to be exaggerated by any degree. Direct selection of preference genes may therefore play an important role in species that show extreme sexual selection, Key words,-Deleterious mutation, direct selection, good genes, mate choice, mating preferences, sexual selection.Received July 20, 1995. Accepted July 18, 1996 Two forces thought to be involved in the evolution of female mating preferences in many species are direct selection acting on preference genes and the" good genes" mechanism (reviewed by Kirkpatrick and Ryan 1991;Andersson 1994). Direct selection on a preference occurs when genes that affect the preference also have direct effects on survival or fecundity. The good genes mechanism operates when females choose mates using male traits that are genetically correlated with total fitness. A genetic association then naturally develops between preference and fitness alleles, which causes the preference and consequently the male display character to become exaggerated (Fisher 1958;Pomiankowski 1988).Both mechanisms can in theory produce the spectacular extremes of sexual selection seen, for example, in lek-breeding birds. The good genes process favors ever-greater elaboration of the preference and male trait. In the absence of any other constraining factors, it will cause both the preference and trait to become exaggerated without limit (Porniankowski 1988;Heywood 1989). Direct selection can likewise generate extreme preferences and male displays, In the absence of good genes or other effects, direct selection will establish preferences that maximize immediate survival and fecundity. If those preferences happen to favor an exaggerated display that drastically decreases male survival, the result is the same: there is no evolutionary penalty to mating preferences for extreme male tr...

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confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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Good Genes and Direct Selection in the Evolution of Mating Preferences

1996

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Female mating strategy in an enclosed group of Japanese macaques

et al. 1999

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Female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) are noted for mating with multiple males and for their ability to exert mate choice. In a captive group of Japanese macaques housed at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University, Japan, behavioral and endocrine data were combined to examine female mating strategies. During one breeding season, daily behavioral observations were conducted on females who exhibited copulatory behavior. Blood was collected from females twice weekly and their ovulatory periods estimated by analyzing hormone profiles. Females began mating shortly before ovulation, peaked at ovulation, and continued receiving ejaculations for up to ten weeks after conception. Females were more responsible than males for inbreeding avoidance with matrilineal kin. Males sometimes approached females from their own matriline, but females avoided such males and expressed mate choice behavior preferentially toward non‐matrilineal males. Over the entire mating season, females did not choose non‐matrilineal males on the basis of displays, dominance rank, age, weight, or weight change during the mating season. When females were likely to conceive, however, they expressed mate choice behavior toward males who displayed most frequently. Female mating strategy may include both mate choice at ovulation and other, non‐procreative functions. Am. J. Primatol. 47:263–278, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Conflict theory of genomic imprinting in mammals

Iwasa

2019

Population Ecology

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In mammals, some embryonic genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from the sperm or egg, a phenomenon known as genomic imprinting. The information on the parental origin is transmitted by an epigenetic mark. Both the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary processes of genomic imprinting have been studied extensively. Here, I illustrate the simplest evolutionary dynamics of imprinting evolution based on the “conflict theory,” by considering the evolution of a gene encoding an embryonic growth factor controlling the maternal resource supply. It demonstrates that (a) the autosomal genes controlling placenta development to modify maternal resource acquisition may evolve a strong asymmetry of gene expression, provided the mother has some chance of accepting multiple males. (b) The genomic imprinting may not evolve if there is a small fraction of recessive deleterious mutations on the gene. (c) The growth‐enhancing genes should evolve to paternally expressed, while the growth‐suppressing genes should evolve to maternally expressed. (d) The X‐linked genes also evolve genomic imprinting, but the main evolutionary force is the sex difference in the optimal embryonic size. I discuss other aberrations that can be explained by the modified versions of the basic model.

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The Evolution of Costly Mate Preferences II. The 'Handicap' Principle

Cited by 469 publications

References 15 publications

Good Genes and Direct Selection in the Evolution of Mating Preferences

Good Genes and Direct Selection in the Evolution of Mating Preferences

Female mating strategy in an enclosed group of Japanese macaques

Conflict theory of genomic imprinting in mammals

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