The evolution of feeding adaptations of the aquatic sloth<i>Thalassocnus</i>

Muizon, Christian de; McDonald, H. Gregory; Salas, Rodolfo; Urbina, Mario

doi:10.1671/2429b

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The stratigraphy of the Pisco Basin was described in detail by Dunbar et al (1990) and DeVries (1998). Marine deposits were laid down over the course of the Cenozoic during six major transgressions (DeVries, 1998) and preserve a wealth of fossil marine vertebrates (e.g., Muizon, 1981Muizon, , 1984Muizon, , 1988Muizon, , 1993Muizon et al, 2003Muizon et al, , 2004Stucchi, 2002Stucchi, , 2003Stucchi, , 2007Stucchi and Urbina, 2004;Stucchi and Emslie, 2005;Stucchi et al, 2003;Clarke et al, 2007;Esperante et al, 2008;Ksepka et al, 2008;Lambert et al, 2008) and invertebrates (e.g., Rivera, 1957;de Muizon and DeVries, 1985;DeVries, 2007). Perudyptes devriesi is known from a single specimen collected from the middle Eocene Paracas Formation (Choros Formation of Dunbar et al, 1990).…”

Section: Geological Context Of the Perudyptes Type Localitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Basal Penguin (Aves: Sphenisciformes) Perudyptes devriesi and a Phylogenetic Evaluation of the Penguin Fossil Record

Ksepka

Clarke

2010

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

110

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Section: Geological Context Of the Perudyptes Type Localitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Basal Penguin (Aves: Sphenisciformes) Perudyptes devriesi and a Phylogenetic Evaluation of the Penguin Fossil Record

Ksepka

Clarke

2010

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

110

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“…Most of the past studies focused on the description of the most significant fossils collected (e.g. Acosta-Hospitaleche, Altamirano-Sierra, & Stucchi, 2011;Acosta-Hospitaleche & Stucchi, 2005;Altamirano-Sierra, 2013;Amson, Argot, McDonald, & Muizon, 2014;Amson, Muizon, Laurin, Argot, & Buffrénil, 2014;Amson, Muizon, Domning, Argot, & Buffrénil, 2015;Bisconti, 2012;Bouetel & Muizon, 2006;Chávez, Stucchi, & Urbina, 2007;Cheneval, 1993;Ehret et al, 2012;Göhlich, 2007;Lambert, Bianucci, & Beatty, 2014;Lambert, Bianucci, & Muizon, 2008;Lambert, Bianucci, & Post, 2009;Lambert, Bianucci, Post, Muizon, et al, 2010;Lambert & Muizon, 2014;Lambert, Muizon, & Bianucci, 2013McDonald & Muizon, 2002;Muizon, 1981Muizon, , 1984Muizon, , 1988Muizon, , 1993Muizon, Domning, & Ketten, 2002;Muizon & McDonald, 1995;Muizon, McDonald, Salas, & Urbina, 2003;Muizon, McDonald, Salas, & Urbina, 2004a, 2004bParham & Pyenson, 2010;Pilleri, 1989Pilleri, -1990Stucchi, 2002Stucchi, , 2003Stucchi, , 2008aStucchi, , 2008bStucchi & Emslie, 2005;Stucchi & Urbina, 2004Stucchi, Urbina, & Giraldo, 2003;, but dat...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of fossil marine vertebrates in Cerro Colorado, the type locality of the giant raptorial sperm whaleLivyatan melvillei(Miocene, Pisco Formation, Peru)

et al. 2015

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Hundreds of fossil marine vertebrates cropping out at Cerro Colorado (Pisco Basin, Peru) are identified and reported on a 1:6500 scale geological map and in a joined stratigraphic section. All the fossils are from the lower strata of the Pisco Formation, dated in this area to the late middle or early late Miocene. They are particularly concentrated (88%) in the stratigraphic interval from 40 to 75 m above the unconformity with the underlying Chilcatay Formation. The impressive fossil assemblage includes more than 300 specimens preserved as bone elements belonging mostly to cetaceans (81%), represented by mysticetes (cetotheriids and\ud balaenopteroids) and odontocetes (kentriodontid-like delphinidans, pontoporiids, ziphiids, and physeteroids, including the giant raptorial sperm whale Livyatan melvillei). Seals, crocodiles, sea turtles, seabirds, bony fish, and sharks are also reported. Isolated large teeth of Carcharocles and Cosmopolitodus are common throughout the investigated stratigraphical interval, whereas other shark teeth, mostly of carcharinids, are concentrated in one sandy interval. This work represents a first detailed census of the extraordinary paleontological heritage of the Pisco Basin and the basis for future taphonomic, paleoecological, and systematic studies, as well as a much needed conservation effort for this extremely rich paleontological site

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“…specialized grazing) through time between the five species pertaining to this genus, namely T. antiquus, T. natans, T. littoralis, T. carolomartini and T. yaucensis [15], in stratigraphic order. The phylogenetic relationships of these species are consistent with their geological age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru

et al. 2014

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Non-pathological densification (osteosclerosis) and swelling ( pachyostosis) of bones are the main modifications affecting the skeleton of land vertebrates (tetrapods) that returned to water. However, a precise temporal calibration of the acquisition of such adaptations is still wanting. Here, we assess the timing of such acquisition using the aquatic sloth Thalassocnus, from the Neogene of the Pisco Formation, Peru. This genus is represented by five species occurring in successive vertebrate-bearing horizons of distinct ages. It yields the most detailed data about the gradual acquisition of aquatic adaptations among tetrapods, in displaying increasing osteosclerosis and pachyostosis through time. Such modifications, reflecting a shift in the habitat from terrestrial to aquatic, occurred over a short geological time span (ca 4 Myr). Otherwise, the bones of terrestrial pilosans (sloths and anteaters) are much more compact than the mean mammalian condition, which suggests that the osteosclerosis of Thalassocnus may represent an exaptation.

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The evolution of feeding adaptations of the aquatic slothThalassocnus

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

The Basal Penguin (Aves: Sphenisciformes) Perudyptes devriesi and a Phylogenetic Evaluation of the Penguin Fossil Record

The Basal Penguin (Aves: Sphenisciformes) Perudyptes devriesi and a Phylogenetic Evaluation of the Penguin Fossil Record

Distribution of fossil marine vertebrates in Cerro Colorado, the type locality of the giant raptorial sperm whaleLivyatan melvillei(Miocene, Pisco Formation, Peru)

Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru

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