The evolution of floral guides: using a genetic algorithm to investigate the evolution of floral cue arrangements

Lawson, David A.; Rands, Sean A.

doi:10.1093/biolinnean/bly011

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…For instance in large flowers, central petal spots increase pollinator's ability to alight to the center of flowers (Kelber, 1997;Lunau et al, 2006). This phylogenetic pattern has not yet been documented in other systems, but corroborates two studies showing an increased likelihood of petal color patterning in larger-flowered species in two communities (Guldberg and Atsatt, 1975;Jones et al, 1999) as well as a genetic algorithm predicted that larger flowers are more likely to evolve floral guides (Lawson and Rands, 2018). To my knowledge, behavioral studies that evaluate the efficacy of bull's-eye patterns as attracting and orienting cues for pollinators in flowers of varying size have not been done but will be important for determining the potential driver of this phylogenetic pattern.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Trait Correlations With the Evolution Of Floralsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Together, these studies suggest that petal patterns may be more important in orienting pollinators in larger flowers. Additionally, a genetic algorithm that accounted for pollinator behavior predicted that larger flowers would be more likely to develop floral guides (Lawson and Rands, 2018). If pollinator-mediated selection drives the evolution of bull's-eye patterns, we may expect a positive phylogenetic correlation between flower size and the presence of floral patterning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological functions of floral patterns, and correlations with other floral traits have the potential to influence their phylogenetic distributions. Experiments with natural and artificial flowers support that petal patterns influence pollinator alighting and orienting behaviors, but petal patterning may be a more salient cue for pollinators in larger flowers ( Lawson and Rands, 2018 ). Bull’s-eye patterns increase the ability of pollinators to orient to the center of flowers ( Manning, 1956 ; Free, 1970 ; Johnson and Dafni, 1998 ; Dinkel and Lunau, 2001 ; Lunau et al., 2009 ) and reduce handling time by pollinators ( Waser and Price, 1985 ; Leonard and Papaj, 2011 ; de Jager et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroevolution of Flower Color Patterning: Biased Transition Rates and Correlated Evolution with Flower Size

Koski

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Floral pigmentation patterns can both mediate plant-pollinator interactions and modify the abiotic environment of reproductive structures. To date, there have been no inquiries into the rate and directionality of macroevolutionary transitions between patterned and nonpatterned petals despite their ecological importance and ubiquity across angiosperms. Petals in the Potentilleae tribe (Rosaceae) display color patterns in the ultraviolet (UV) and human-visible spectrum, or can be uniform in color (i.e., patternless). Using a phylogeny of Potentilleae, I test whether evolutionary transition rates between patterned and nonpatterned petals are biased in either direction. I then examine whether UV and humanvisible floral patterns are phylogenetically correlated and test the prediction that color patterns will evolve in concert with larger flowers if they function as guides to orient pollinators to floral rewards. I found that transition rates were biased toward petals that were uniform in color. Transition rates from patterned to uniformly colored petals were two and six times higher than the reverse for UV and human-visible pattern, respectively. The presence of UV and human-visible pattern evolved independently from one another. However, the evolution of human-visible pattern was associated with the evolution of larger flowers but the evolution of UV pattern was correlated with the evolution of smaller flowers. I posit that the transition bias toward non-patterned flowers may reflect developmental constraints on spatial regulation of pigments required to produce floral color patterning. The correlated evolution of larger flowers and human-visible pigmentation patterns support the hypothesis that nectar or pollen guides are more likely to evolve in larger-flowered species. This work provides insight into how transition rate bias and trait correlations can shape phylogenetic patterns of floral color pattern diversity.

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Section: Phylogenetic Trait Correlations With the Evolution Of Floralsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroevolution of Flower Color Patterning: Biased Transition Rates and Correlated Evolution with Flower Size

Koski

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In bee-pollinated flowers, this most frequently involves a darker coloured flower centre (in terms of the green sensitive L-receptor found in bees), and a brighter periphery (Hempel de Ibarra and Vorobyev 2009 ), and these patterns are more salient than unpatterned flowers to insect pollinators (Johnson and Dafni 1998 ; Spaethe et al 2001 ; Hempel de Ibarra et al 2001 ). Flowers can also create other learnable visual patterns such as linear floral guides (Lawson and Rands 2018 ), polarization patterns (Foster et al 2014 ), or iridescence (Whitney et al 2009b ; but see; Kjernsmo et al 2018 ). Nonvisual patterns are also common, and include scent patterns (where different amounts of floral volatiles or different floral volatile chemicals are released across the flower; Bergström et al 1995 ; Balao et al 2011 ; Lawson et al 2018 ), electrostatic patterns (where properties of the flower allow charge to accumulate differentially across the flower surface and between flowers: Clarke et al 2013 ), texture patterns (where shape of cells on the flower surface differ: Kevan and Lane 1985 ), and temperature patterns (where different parts of the flower differ in how they heat up: Harrap et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-modal transfer in visual and nonvisual cues in bumblebees

et al. 2019

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Bumblebees Bombus terrestris are good at learning to distinguish between patterned flowers. They can differentiate between flowers that differ only in their patterning of scent, surface texture, temperature, or electrostatic charge, in addition to visual patterns. As recently shown, bumblebees trained to discriminate between nonvisual scent patterns can transfer this learning to visually patterned flowers that show similar spatial patterning to the learnt scent patterns. Bumblebees can, therefore, transfer learnt patterns between different sensory modalities, without needing to relearn them. We used differential conditioning techniques to explore whether cross-modal transfer of learnt patterns also occurred between visual and temperature patterns. Bumblebees that successfully learnt to distinguish rewarding and unrewarding temperature patterns did not show any preferences for the corresponding unlearnt visual pattern. Similarly, bumblebees that learnt visual patterns did not transfer these to temperature patterns, suggesting that they are unable to transfer learning of temperature and visual patterns. We discuss how cross-modality pattern learning may be limited to modalities that have potentially strong neurological links, such as the previously demonstrated transfer between scent and visual patterns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00359-019-01320-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Patterning of a display can further enhance the pollinator response, both by increasing detection and learning speed [7,[34][35][36], and by increasing the speed of performance once the pollinator is on the flower, through the use of nectar guides [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Patterning is not limited to visual stimuli, and different regions of a flower may show different texture [12], scent [43][44][45][46][47], or temperature [23-25, 48, 49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic signal in floral temperature patterns

Rands

Harrap

2021

BMC Res Notes

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Objectives Floral structures may be warmer than their environment, and can show thermal patterning, where individual floral structures show different temperatures across their surface. Pollinators can differentiate between artificial flowers that mimic both naturally warmed and thermally patterned ones, but it has yet to be demonstrated that these patterns are biologically meaningful. To explore the relationship between pollinators and temperature patterning, we need to know whether there is diversity in patterning, and that these patterns are not simply a by-product of floral architecture constrained by ancestry. We analysed a dataset of 97 species to explore whether intrafloral temperature differences were correlated within clades (phylogenetic signal), or whether the variation seen was diverse enough to suggest that floral temperature patterns are influenced by the abiotic or pollinator-related niches to which plant species are adapted. Results Some phylogenetic signal was observed, with both the Asteraceae and species of Pelargonium being more similar than expected by chance, but with other species surveyed not showing signal. The Asteraceae tend to have large temperature differences across the floral surface, which may be due to floral architecture constraints within the family. Other families show no correlation, suggesting that patterning is influenced by pollinators and the environment.

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The evolution of floral guides: using a genetic algorithm to investigate the evolution of floral cue arrangements

Abstract: The evolution of floral guides: using a genetic algorithm to investigate the evolution of floral cue arrangements. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 123(4), 739-753. [bly011].

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Macroevolution of Flower Color Patterning: Biased Transition Rates and Correlated Evolution with Flower Size

Macroevolution of Flower Color Patterning: Biased Transition Rates and Correlated Evolution with Flower Size

Cross-modal transfer in visual and nonvisual cues in bumblebees

Phylogenetic signal in floral temperature patterns

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