The evolution of freshwater diversity in the threespine stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>): site-specific differentiation of trophic morphology

Lavin, Patrick A.; McPhail, J. D.

doi:10.1139/z85-393

Cited by 113 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

106

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently established freshwater populations diverged from their marine ancestors (Jones et al, 2012), and also exhibit adaptive divergence among populations in disparate freshwater habitats (small versus large lakes, or streams) (Lavin and McPhail, 1985;Hendry et al, 2009Hendry et al, , 2013. These habitats vary in abiotic variables such as water chemistry and temperature, and in biotic features such as prey availability, both of which may separately affect microbial colonization of the host gut.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary input of microbes and host genetic variation shape among-population differences in stickleback gut microbiota

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To explain differences in gut microbial communities we must determine how processes regulating microbial community assembly (colonization, persistence) differ among hosts and affect microbiota composition. We surveyed the gut microbiota of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 10 geographically clustered populations and sequenced environmental samples to track potential colonizing microbes and quantify the effects of host environment and genotype. Gut microbiota composition and diversity varied among populations. These among-population differences were associated with multiple covarying ecological variables: habitat type (lake, stream, estuary), lake geomorphology and food-(but not water-) associated microbiota. Fish genotype also covaried with gut microbiota composition; more genetically divergent populations exhibited more divergent gut microbiota. Our results suggest that population level differences in stickleback gut microbiota may depend more on internal sorting processes (host genotype) than on colonization processes (transient environmental effects).

show abstract

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary input of microbes and host genetic variation shape among-population differences in stickleback gut microbiota

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Allopatric, limnetic ecotypes from some of the large, oligotrophic lakes of southern British Columbia may approach the phenotypic extremes observed in sympatry (Lavin & McPhail 1985, 1986; personal observation), but the possibility has not yet been examined. The morphological di¡erences between the ecotypes are based on genetic di¡erences in all cases examined to date (Hagen 1973;Lavin & McPhail 1987;McPhail 1994;Hat¢eld 1995).…”

Section: (B) Parallel Divergence In Allopatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nested biological variation and speciation

Foster

Scott

Cresko

1998

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The modes of speciation that are thought to have contributed most to the generation of biodiversity require population di¡erentiation as the initial stage in the speciation process. Consequently, a complete understanding of the mechanisms of speciation requires that the process be examined not just after speciation is complete, or nearly so, but also much earlier. Because reproductive isolation de¢nes biological species, and it evolves slowly, study of the process may require a prohibitive span of time. Even if speciation could be observed directly, selection of populations in the process of speciation is typically di¤cult or impossible, because those that will ultimately undergo speciation cannot be distinguished from those that will di¡er-entiate but never assume the status of new biological species. One means of circumventing this problem is to study speciation in taxa comprising several sibling species, at least one of which exhibits extensive population di¡erentiation. We illustrate this approach by exploring patterns of population variation in the postglacial radiation of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. We focus on lacustrine populations and species within this complex, demonstrating parallel axes of divergence within populations, among populations and among species. The pattern that emerges is one of parallel relationships between phenotype and ¢tness at all three hierarchical levels, a pattern that facilitates exploration of the causes and consequences of speciation and secondary contact. A second outcome of this exploration is the observation that speciation can be the consequence of a cascade of e¡ects, beginning with selection on trophic or other characteristics that in turn force the evolution of other population characteristics that precipitate speciation. Neither of these conclusions could have been reached without comparative studies of wild populations at several hierarchical levels, a conclusion reinforced by a brief survey of similar e¡orts to elucidate the process of speciation. We address the issues most likely to be resolved using this approach, and suggest that comparisons of natural variation within taxa at several hierarchical levels may substantially increase our understanding of the speciation process.

show abstract

“…In some cases, this diversification has led to the formation of new species [61][62][63][64][65]. These speciation events in stickleback correspond to significant environmental differences, such as salinity and temperature variation between ocean and freshwater habitats, or benthic and limnetic niches in fresh water [63,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. Research has progressed rapidly in defining the genetic basis of some evolving traits in freshwater stickleback [62,[76][77][78], including variation in armour, coloration and craniofacial attributes, among others [79][80][81][82][83][84].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive linkage disequilibrium and parallel adaptive divergence across threespine stickleback genomes

Hohenlohe

Bassham

Currey

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

201

226

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Population genomic studies are beginning to provide a more comprehensive view of dynamic genomescale processes in evolution. Patterns of genomic architecture, such as genomic islands of increased divergence, may be important for adaptive population differentiation and speciation. We used nextgeneration sequencing data to examine the patterns of local and long-distance linkage disequilibrium (LD) across oceanic and freshwater populations of threespine stickleback, a useful model for studies of evolution and speciation. We looked for associations between LD and signatures of divergent selection, and assessed the role of recombination rate variation in generating LD patterns. As predicted under the traditional biogeographic model of unidirectional gene flow from ancestral oceanic to derived freshwater stickleback populations, we found extensive local and long-distance LD in fresh water. Surprisingly, oceanic populations showed similar patterns of elevated LD, notably between large genomic regions previously implicated in adaptation to fresh water. These results support an alternative biogeographic model for the stickleback radiation, one of a metapopulation with appreciable bidirectional gene flow combined with strong divergent selection between oceanic and freshwater populations. As predicted by theory, these processes can maintain LD within and among genomic islands of divergence. These findings suggest that the genomic architecture in oceanic stickleback populations may provide a mechanism for the rapid re-assembly and evolution of multi-locus genotypes in newly colonized freshwater habitats, and may help explain genetic mapping of parallel phenotypic variation to similar loci across independent freshwater populations.

show abstract

The evolution of freshwater diversity in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): site-specific differentiation of trophic morphology

Cited by 113 publications

References 0 publications

Dietary input of microbes and host genetic variation shape among-population differences in stickleback gut microbiota

Dietary input of microbes and host genetic variation shape among-population differences in stickleback gut microbiota

Nested biological variation and speciation

Extensive linkage disequilibrium and parallel adaptive divergence across threespine stickleback genomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About