The evolution of glacial landforms in the Tatra Mountains during the Younger Dryas

Potential rockfalls in the periglacial zone of the Polish High Tatras: Extent and kinematics

“…Elsewhere within the Polish High Tatras, where rockfall kinetic energy levels are lower, glacial and periglacial formations are common -also above and adjacent to lakes (Rączkowski et al, 2015;Zasadni, 2015). Among the periglacial terrain features are relict rock glaciers (Kłapyta et al, 2024), of which the youngest are dated to the Younger Dryas (Zasadni et al, 2023b). Talus cones do not exceed 35 m in thickness near these landforms (Gądek et al, 2013;Gądek et al, 2016).…”

“…Considering the distribution and the age of the glacial and periglacial formations (Lukniš, 1973;Klimaszewski, 1988;Rączkowski et al, 2015;Zasadni, 2015), as well as the size of the talus slopes (Lukniš, 1973;Gądek et al, 2016), it could be concluded that the potential energy of the Tatra relief has not fundamentally changed since the complete disappearance of the glaciers (Zasadni et al, 2023b). This would explain the consistency of the extent of the observed and simulated rockfalls with the extent of the talus covers.…”

“…This slope system spans about 400 m vertically and 450 m horizontally. The remaining 10% of the rock mass fell into the Zadnie Koło cirque on the northern side of the ridge and was deposited on a talus slope closed by a moraine ridge from the period of the last glaciation (Zasadni et al, 2023b). This slope system extends 300 m vertically and 340 m horizontally, and the surface area onto which the falling rock spread was approximately 2 ha (Fig.…”

Past glaciation of temperate‐continental mountains: A model for a debris‐charged plateau icefield/cirque glacier landsystem in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

“…However, the extent and timing of operation of these plateau icefields may differ from that of the Godeanu Mountains, and therefore, a careful assessment of topographic, lithological and climatic contexts is needed before making more direct comparisons. Likewise, the debris‐rich cirque glacier component of the landsystem is not dissimilar to that of the majority of former cirque and valley glaciers in all the Romanian Carpathians (Urdea et al, 2022a, 2022b, 2022c, 2022d, 2022e; Urdea et al, 2022) and the Western Carpathians (e.g., Tatra Mountains) (Zasadni, Kłapyta, Kałuża, & Makos, 2022; Zasadni et al, 2022a, 2022b, 2022c; Zasadni, Kłapyta, Tołoczko‐Pasek, & Makos, 2022; Zasadni, Makos, & Kłapyta, 2022). Indeed, previous research in the Romanian Carpathians highlighted a glacial geomorphology throughout the last deglaciation that was characterised by debris‐charged palaeoglaciers (e.g., Balaban, 2018; Gheorghiu, 2012; Gheorghiu et al, 2015; Kłapyta et al, 2021, 2022; Kłapyta, Mîndrescu, & Zasadni, 2023; Kłapyta, Zasadni, & Mîndrescu, 2023; László et al, 2013; Reuther et al, 2007; Ruszkiczay‐Rüdiger et al, 2016, 2021), but the exact timing and causes of glacial recession have not been assessed in detail (Popescu, Urdea, & Vespremeanu‐Stroe, 2017).…”