2007
DOI: 10.1002/evan.20130
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The Evolution of Zinjanthropus boisei

Abstract: Many people assume that OH 5, the type specimen of Paranthropus boisei, collected in 1959, was the first evidence of that taxon to be found, but OH 3, recovered in 1955, predated the discovery of OH 5 by four years. Thus, Paranthropus boisei recently celebrated the equivalent of its fiftieth birthday. This review marks that milestone by examining the way our understanding of this taxon has changed during its fifty, or so, year history.

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Cited by 33 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…Beyond a sample of 15 individuals, there is very little change in the error associated with estimating the mean. A similar conclusion was reached by Constantino and Wood (2007) on the basis of dentognathic variables of Paranthropus boisei. Even more recently, Schillaci and Schillaci (2009) suggest that a mean derived from a sample size of 10 is likely to be within 0.5 standard deviations of the true population mean 89% of the time.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
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“…Beyond a sample of 15 individuals, there is very little change in the error associated with estimating the mean. A similar conclusion was reached by Constantino and Wood (2007) on the basis of dentognathic variables of Paranthropus boisei. Even more recently, Schillaci and Schillaci (2009) suggest that a mean derived from a sample size of 10 is likely to be within 0.5 standard deviations of the true population mean 89% of the time.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Even more recently, Schillaci and Schillaci (2009) suggest that a mean derived from a sample size of 10 is likely to be within 0.5 standard deviations of the true population mean 89% of the time. The concordance of independent studies on PlioPleistocene hominins (Constantino and Wood, 2007), modern humans (Schillaci and Schillaci, 2009), and papionin monkeys provides strong support for their shared general conclusions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 55%
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“…For instance, among Plio-Pleistocene hominins, Paranthropus is distinguished by a heavily developed masticatory complex widely considered as adapted for producing and countering increased masticatory stresses associated with hard and/or tough food items (Tobias, 1967;du Brul, 1977;Walker, 1981;Rak, 1983;Demes and Creel, 1988;Hylander, 1988;Daegling, 1989;Constantino and Wood, 2007). Current understanding of the primate face from experimental data supports assertions that this region is under strong selective pressures related to masticatory activity (Hylander, 1979a(Hylander, ,b,c, 1988(Hylander, , 1992Hylander and Johnson, 1997;Ravosa et al, , 2007aRavosa et al, ,b, 2008a.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…P. aethiopicus is succeeded in the eastern African fossil record by Paranthropus boisei (Leakey 1959) at 2.3 million years ago (Suwa et al 1996; although a fragmentary fossil from south central Africa may belong to this species and may be as old as 2.5 million years ago; Kullmer et al 1999). This species (see review in Constantino and Wood 2007), discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959, is known from multiple localities across eastern Africa, and its disappearance after 1.4 million years ago marks the end of the australopith fossil record. P. boisei is in many respects the most derived of the australopiths.…”
Section: Pre-australopithsmentioning
confidence: 99%