The evolution of interferon-tau

Ealy, Alan D.; Wooldridge, Lydia K.

doi:10.1530/rep-17-0292

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Additionally, production of IFNT is exceptionally high over the few days. As pointed out in the accompanying chapter of Ealy and Woolridge (Ealy and Woolridge 2017), the relatively recent evolution of the IFNT genes required the acquisition of distinctive regulatory sequences upstream of their transcription start sites. Although the topic of transcriptional control of IFNT expression has been reviewed previously (Ealy and Yang 2009, Roberts 2007, Roberts, et al 2008), the review presented here is more comprehensive than the earlier ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional control of IFNT expression

Ezashi¹,

Imakawa²

2017

Reproduction

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Summary Once interferon-tau (IFNT) had been identified as a Type I IFN in sheep and cattle and its functions characterized, numerous studies were conducted to elucidate transcriptional regulation of this gene family. Transfection studies performed largely with human choriocarcinoma cell lines identified regulatory regions of the IFNT gene that appeared responsible for trophoblast-specific expression. The key finding was the recognition that the transcription factor ETS2 bound to a proximal region within the 5/UTR of a bovine IFNT and acted as a strong transactivator. Soon after other transcription factors were identified as cooperative partners. The ETS2-binding site and the nearby AP1 site enable response to intracellular signaling from maternal uterine factors. The AP1 site also serves as a GATA binding site in one of the bovine IFNT genes. The homeobox-containing transcription factor, DLX3, augments IFNT expression combinatorially with ETS2. CDX2 has also been identified as transactivator that binds to a separate site upstream of the main ETS2 enhancer site. CDX2 participates in IFNT epigenetic regulation by modifying histone acetylation status of the gene. The IFNT down-regulation at the time of the conceptus attachment to the uterine endometrium appears correlated with the increased EOMES expression and the loss of other transcription coactivators. Altogether, the studies of transcriptional control of IFNT have provided mechanistic evidence of the regulatory framework of trophoblast-specific expression and critical expression pattern for maternal recognition of pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional control of IFNT expression

Ezashi¹,

Imakawa²

2017

Reproduction

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“…In this study, we have determined IFN gene evolution across 120 animal genomes that are available in current genome resources, and shown evolutionary significance and gene expansion of IFN genes in several representative species of amphibians, bats, and ungulates. Further using the porcine and bovine IFN complexes as a model, we have determined the molecular and functional diversity of the evolving IFN subtypes, particularly the less-studied unconventional IFN-ω subtype, which is an IFN subtype emerging after reptiles and expanding in bats and ungulates (7–15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expansion of the IFN complex and IFN-ω diversity in bats and ungulates represent signature events of type I IFN evolution (7–15). We hypothesize that this subtype-expansion confers functional diversification that is necessary in regulating immune responses against species-specific and even cross-species viral infections (2, 7–15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Species Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Molecular and Functional Diversity of the Unconventional Interferon-ω Subtype

et al. 2019

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Innate immune interferons (IFNs), particularly type I IFNs, are primary mediators regulating animal antiviral, antitumor, and cell-proliferative activity. These antiviral cytokines have evolved remarkable molecular and functional diversity to confront ever-evolving viral threats and physiological regulation. We have annotated IFN gene families across 110 animal genomes, and showed that IFN genes, after originating in jawed fishes, had several significant evolutionary surges in vertebrate species of amphibians, bats and ungulates, particularly pigs and cattle. For example, pigs have the largest but still expanding type I IFN family consisting of nearly 60 IFN-coding genes that encode seven IFN subtypes including multigene subtypes of IFN-α, -δ, and -ω. Whereas, subtypes such as IFN-α and -β have been widely studied in many species, the unconventional subtypes such as IFN-ω have barely been investigated. We have cross-species defined the IFN evolution, and shown that unconventional IFN subtypes particularly the IFN-ω subtype have evolved several novel features including: (1) being a signature multi-gene subtype expanding primarily in mammals such as bats and ungulates, (2) emerging isoforms that have superior antiviral potency than typical IFN-α, (3) highly cross-species antiviral (but little anti-proliferative) activity exerted in cells of humans and other mammalian species, and (4) demonstrating potential novel molecular and functional properties. This study focused on IFN-ω to investigate the immunogenetic evolution and functional diversity of unconventional IFN subtypes, which may further IFN-based novel antiviral design pertinent to their cross-species high antiviral and novel activities.

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“…Another study identified 118 differentially expressed genes in the caruncular regions of the endometrium at day 20 of gestation between IVP and in vivo-generated pregnancies (Mansouri-Attia et al, 2009). One conceptus-secreted molecule that may be involved with some of this differential endometrial gene expression is interferon-tau (IFNT), the maternal recognition of pregnancy hormone in cattle (Spencer et al, 2016;Ealy and Wooldridge, 2017;Forde and Lonergan, 2017). Reports are equivocal about whether IFNT mRNA and protein abundance differ between IVP and in vivo-derived blastocysts and elongated conceptuses (Stojkovic et al, 1995;Kubisch et al, 2001;Bertolini et al, 2002a;Arnold et al, 2006).…”

Section: Peri-attachment Conceptusmentioning

confidence: 99%

BOARD INVITED REVIEW: Post-transfer consequences of in vitro-produced embryos in cattle

Ealy

Wooldridge

McCoski

2019

Journal of Animal Science

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123

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In vitro embryo production (IVP) in cattle has gained worldwide interest in recent years, but the efficiency of using IVP embryos for calf production is far from optimal. This review will examine the pregnancy retention rates of IVP embryos and explore causes for pregnancy failures. Based on work completed over the past 25 yr, only 27% of cattle receiving IVP embryos will produce a live calf. Approximately 60% of these pregnancies fail during the first 6 wk of gestation. When compared with embryos generated by superovulation, pregnancy rates are 10% to 40% lower for cattle carrying IVP embryos, exemplifying that IVP embryos are consistently less competent than in vivo-generated embryos. Several abnormalities have been observed in the morphology of IVP conceptuses. After transfer, IVP embryos are less likely to undergo conceptus elongation, have reduced embryonic disk diameter, and have compromised yolk sac development. Marginal binucleate cell development, cotyledon development, and placental vascularization have also been documented, and these abnormalities are associated with altered fetal growth trajectories. Additionally, in vitro culture conditions increase the risk of large offspring syndrome. Further work is needed to decipher how the embryo culture environment alters post-transfer embryo development and survival. The risk of these neonatal disorders has been reduced by the use of serum-free synthetic oviductal fluid media formations and culture in low oxygen tension. However, alterations are still evident in IVP oocyte and embryo transcript abundances, timing of embryonic cleavage events and blastulation, incidence of aneuploidy, and embryonic methylation status. The inclusion of oviductal and uterine-derived embryokines in culture media is being examined as one way to improve the competency of IVP embryos. To conclude, the evidence presented herein clearly shows that bovine IVP systems still must be refined to make it an economical technology in cattle production systems. However, the current shortcomings do not negate its current value for certain embryo production needs and for investigating early embryonic development in cattle.

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The evolution of interferon-tau

Cited by 30 publications

References 81 publications

Transcriptional control of IFNT expression

Transcriptional control of IFNT expression

Cross-Species Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Molecular and Functional Diversity of the Unconventional Interferon-ω Subtype

BOARD INVITED REVIEW: Post-transfer consequences of in vitro-produced embryos in cattle

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