The Evolution of Mammalian Adipose Tissue

Pond, Caroline M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0965-6_8

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 268 publications

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“…The jawed vertebrates include the cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Excluding the cartilaginous fish, WAT-like structures are present in the majority of vertebrates with varying degrees of specialization [12–14]. By contrast, BAT has a purely mammalian structure [12, 14].…”

Section: Mat Adipocytes As An Evolutionarily Conserved Component Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excluding the cartilaginous fish, WAT-like structures are present in the majority of vertebrates with varying degrees of specialization [12–14]. By contrast, BAT has a purely mammalian structure [12, 14]. Though birds, reptiles, and fish are capable of thermogenesis, generally via their muscle, true BAT has not been found despite significant effort [12].…”

Section: Mat Adipocytes As An Evolutionarily Conserved Component Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, BAT has a purely mammalian structure [12, 14]. Though birds, reptiles, and fish are capable of thermogenesis, generally via their muscle, true BAT has not been found despite significant effort [12]. In regards to blood cell production, vertebrate evolution is characterized by an increasing complexity of secondary lymphoid tissues— such as the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen [11].…”

Section: Mat Adipocytes As An Evolutionarily Conserved Component Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cartilaginous fish primarily store triacylglycerols in the liver and/or skeletal muscle and lack a defined adipose tissue [12, 14]. The Elasmobranch fishes, cartilaginous species such as sharks and rays, also lack lymph nodes and bone marrow.…”

Section: Cartilaginous Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bony fish such as zebrafish, rainbow trout, and salmon have defined adipose tissue which contributes to circulating adipokines [12]. Most bony fish do not have a functional bone marrow and instead delegate hematopoiesis to the spleen, kidney, intestinal submucosa, and thymus [21, 22].…”

Section: Bony Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment

Craft

Scheller

2016

Calcif Tissue Int

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Adipocytes of the marrow adipose tissue (MAT) are distributed throughout the skeleton, are embedded in extracellular matrix, and are surrounded by cells of the hematopoietic and osteogenic lineages. MAT is a persistent component of the skeletal microenvironment and has the potential to impact local processes including bone accrual and hematopoietic function. In this review, we discuss the initial evolution of MAT in vertebrate lineages while emphasizing comparisons to the development of peripheral adipose, hematopoietic, and skeletal tissues. We then apply these evolutionary clues to define putative functions of MAT. Lastly, we explore the regulation of MAT by two major components of its microenvironment, the extracellular matrix and the nerves embedded within. The extracellular matrix and nerves contribute to both rapid and continuous modification of the MAT niche and may help to explain evolutionary conserved mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of blood, bone, and MAT within the skeleton.

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Section: Mat Adipocytes As An Evolutionarily Conserved Component Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mat Adipocytes As An Evolutionarily Conserved Component Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mat Adipocytes As An Evolutionarily Conserved Component Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cartilaginous Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bony Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment

Craft

Scheller

2016

Calcif Tissue Int

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Adipocytes and Bone

Craft

Wee

Scheller

2018

Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism

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Validating skinfold thickness as a proxy to estimate total body fat in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) using the mass of dissected adipose tissue

Dittus

Gunathilake²

2015

American J Primatol

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Skinfold thickness (SFT) has been used often in non-human primates and humans as a proxy to estimate fatness (% body fat). We intended to validate the relation between SFT (in recently deceased specimens) and the mass of adipose tissue as determined from dissection of fresh carcasses of wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica). In adult male and female toque macaques body composition is normally 2% adipose tissue. Calipers for measuring SFT were suitable for measuring only some subcutaneous deposits of adipose tissue but were not suitable for measuring large fat deposits within the body cavity or minor intermuscular ones. The anatomical distribution of 13 different adipose deposits, in different body regions (subcutaneous, intra-abdominal and intermuscular) and their proportional size differences, were consistent in this species (as in other primates), though varying in total mass among individuals. These consistent allometric relationships were fundamental for estimating fatness of different body regions based on SFT. The best fit statistically significant correlations and regressions with the known masses of dissectible adipose tissue were evident between the SFT means of the seven sites measured, as well as with a single point on the abdomen anterior to the umbilicus. SFT related to total fat mass and intra-abdominal fat mass in curvilinear regressions and to subcutaneous fat mass in a linear relationship. To adjust for differences in body size among individuals, and to circumvent intangible variations in total body mass allocated, for example to the gastro-intestinal contents, dissected fat mass was estimated per unit body size (length of crown-rump)(3). SFT had greater coefficients of correlation and regressions with this Fat Mass Index (g/dm(3)) than with Percent Body Fat.

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The Evolution of Mammalian Adipose Tissue

Cited by 12 publications

References 268 publications

Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment

Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment

Adipocytes and Bone

Validating skinfold thickness as a proxy to estimate total body fat in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) using the mass of dissected adipose tissue

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