The evolution of Paleoindian geochronology and typology on the Great Plains

Holliday, Vance T.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(200003)15:3<227::aid-gea2>3.3.co;2-1

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…and 10,900 B.P. (31,13). It appears, therefore, that the basal contact of the Leonard Paleosol represents the Clovis occupation surface and rests on strata of various older ages such as late Pleistocene fill, late Pleistocene alluvium, Peoria loess of late Pleistocene age, and bedrock of pre-Pleistocene age.…”

Section: Stratigraphic Chronologymentioning

confidence: 70%

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Haynes

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

163

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Of the 97 geoarchaeological sites of this study that bridge the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (last deglaciation), approximately two thirds have a black organic-rich layer or ''black mat'' in the form of mollic paleosols, aquolls, diatomites, or algal mats with radiocarbon ages suggesting they are stratigraphic manifestations of the Younger Dryas cooling episode 10,900 B.P. to 9,800 B.P. (radiocarbon years). This layer or mat covers the Clovis-age landscape or surface on which the last remnants of the terminal Pleistocene megafauna are recorded. Stratigraphically and chronologically the extinction appears to have been catastrophic, seemingly too sudden and extensive for either human predation or climate change to have been the primary cause. This sudden Rancholabrean termination at 10,900 ؎ 50 B.P. appears to have coincided with the sudden climatic switch from Allerød warming to Younger Dryas cooling. Recent evidence for extraterrestrial impact, although not yet compelling, needs further testing because a remarkable major perturbation occurred at 10,900 B.P. that needs to be explained.climate change ͉ extinction ͉ radio carbon ͉ stratigraphy ͉ archeology

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Section: Stratigraphic Chronologymentioning

confidence: 70%

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Haynes

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

163

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“…Our data indicate that Chupadera Draw likely contained a competent flowing stream at ϳ11,000 14 C yr B.P., that is, during late Clovis time (following Holliday, 2000a;Waters & Stafford, 2007). By ϳ10,600…”

Section: -920mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeology of the Mockingbird Gap (Clovis) site, Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico

Holliday¹,

Huckell²,

Weber³

et al. 2009

Geoarchaeology

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The Mockingbird Gap site is one of the largest Clovis sites in the western United States, yet it remains poorly known after it was tested in 1966-1968. Surface collecting and mapping of the site revealed a dense accumulation of Clovis lithic debris stretching along Chupadera Draw, which drains into the Jornada del Muerto basin. We conducted archaeological testing and geoarchaeological coring to assess the stratigraphic integrity of the site and gain clues to the paleoenvironmental conditions during the Clovis occupation. The 1966-1968 excavations were in stratified Holocene eolian sand and thus that assemblage was from a disturbed content. An intact Clovis occupation was found elsewhere in the site, embedded in the upper few centimeters of a well-developed buried Bt horizon formed in eolian sand, representing the regional Clovis landscape. Coring in Chupadera Draw revealed ϳ11 m of fill spanning the past ϳ11,000 14 C years. The stratified deposits provide evidence of flowing and standing water on the floor of the draw during Clovis times, a likely inducement to settlement.

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“…Radiocarbon dates reported for Area A (Stiger, 2006: 331) include 17 values between 3800 and 8200 rcybp (six from the exterior hearth and postholes). Three collagen assays from "bones from lower fill in the structure" date between 10,380 AE 30 (UCIAMS-11240) and 10,440 AE 50 (CAMS-105764); these three dates accord with the established Folsom time frame (Holliday, 2000). Area D yielded a different archaeological signature for Folsom use of Mountaineer (Andrews, 2010).…”

Section: Paleoindian Use Of the Upper Gunnison Basin Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Paleoindian archaeology of the Upper Gunnison Basin, Colorado Rocky Mountains

Pitblado

2015

North American Archaeologist

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The past two decades have seen a fluorescence of work at Paleoindian sites in Colorado's Upper Gunnison Basin (UGB). This article presents and synthesizes the results of that work in two parts, the first, a landscape-scale analysis of 82 UGB Paleoindian components as reported in Colorado state site files; the second, a higher-resolution analysis of Paleoindian sites excavated in recent years. Conclusions include that starting as early as Folsom time, Paleoindian groups occupied the UGB year-round, and that UGB Paleoindian settlement strategies varied significantly both synchronically and diachronically. Both findings relate in large part to the enormously diverse resource base of the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Rocky Mountains in general and UGB in particular.

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The evolution of Paleoindian geochronology and typology on the Great Plains

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America

Geoarchaeology of the Mockingbird Gap (Clovis) site, Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico

Paleoindian archaeology of the Upper Gunnison Basin, Colorado Rocky Mountains

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