2022
DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x22002862
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The evolution of peace

Abstract: While some species have affiliative and even cooperative interactions between individuals of different social groups, humans are alone in having durable, positive-sum, interdependent relationships across unrelated social groups. Our capacity to have harmonious relationships that cross group boundaries is an important aspect of our species’ success, allowing for the exchange of ideas, materials, and ultimately enabling cumulative cultural evolution. Knowledge about the conditions required for peaceful intergrou… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(31 citation statements)
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References 499 publications
(575 reference statements)
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“…From around 2 Ma, early humans' ability to use culture to construct niches [ 51 ] has complicated how the evolution of intergroup cooperation depends on ecological context. Recent work suggests that the establishment of peaceful intergroup interactions requires cultural institutions such as social norms that dictate non-aggression [ 52 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From around 2 Ma, early humans' ability to use culture to construct niches [ 51 ] has complicated how the evolution of intergroup cooperation depends on ecological context. Recent work suggests that the establishment of peaceful intergroup interactions requires cultural institutions such as social norms that dictate non-aggression [ 52 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, long-distance relationships can advance neocolonialism and extractivism perpetuated by the Global North against the Global South [104]; this is sometimes encapsulated in the relationship between international aid organizations and local common-pool resources, with organizations gaining benefits like projects, contracts and substantial employment opportunities by leveraging the challenges encountered in local NRM [105]. On the other hand, long-distance relationships regularly move people [31] and money [106] across borders, and their presence can be a segue to trade [107], peace [108] and large-scale collective action [109]. In short, the relevance of long-distance relationships to local, regional and even international NRM is, in our opinion, worthy of further study.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The human capacity to maintain relatively harmonious, interdependent relationships across group boundaries is one of the many ways in which cooperative behaviour is unique in our species (Barth, 1969 ; Boyd & Richerson, 2021 ; Robinson & Barker, 2017 ). Chimpanzees and bonobos, for instance, are intolerant towards neighbours, and interactions tend to be aggressive (Glowacki, 2022 ; Pisor & Surbeck, 2019 ; Wrangham & Glowacki, 2012 ). While some observations of the latter species suggests that scope for inter-group cooperation may be phylogenetically deep in our evolutionary lineage (Lucchesi et al, 2021 ; Pusey, 2022 ), the scale, duration and diversity of cooperation between human groups is unprecedented.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%