The Evolution of Resource Specialization through Frequency‐Dependent and Frequency‐Independent Mechanisms

Rueffler, Claus; Dooren, Tom J. M. Van; Metz, J.A.J.

doi:10.1086/498275

Cited by 80 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In terms of the framework of Rueffler et al [25], this curve is given by x 1/α + y 1/α = 1, where the tuning parameter α > 0 measures trade-off strength. For α < 1, the curve is concave down, yielding a so-called weak trade-off; for α > 1 the curve is concave up, yielding a strong trade-off.…”

Section: Stercorarian/vertical Transmissibility Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Rueffler et al cite [25] a body of empirical studies suggesting that trade-offs are strong in general, both the rough (and considerably less sophisticated) estimates developed in [15] and the observed different abilities of both strains to infect hosts in both (stercorarian and vertical) ways suggest a slightly weak trade-off in this context, capable of leading to different generalist strains surviving on different epidemiological landscapes (transmission cycles). The different hosts (opossums vs. raccoons) in which T. cruzi I and IV (respectively) persist offer different epidemiological landscapes, leading to fitness contour lines with different slopes, which therefore intersect the evolution curve at different points, leading the parasite to adapt differently (cf.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this body of research, the landscape on which this evolutionary trade-off occurs has come to be described in terms of maximizing fitness, measured by a single function which incorporates all of an organism's traits relative to survival and reproduction of the species. In population genetics, both the traits and the associated fitness measure are quantified mathematically, in order to describe the evolutionary process as well as the point (a local, if not global, optimum) which attains the highest possible fitness given the trade-off constraint inherent to adaptation between two given traits ( [17,24,25] and references within).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rueffler et al [24,25] extend this framework by questioning the assumption of frequency independence made in Levins's approach, which leads "to the intrinsic rate of increase r as the natural optimization criterion," a quantity independent of the frequency of the resident organism being invaded by the mutant. Rueffler et al add [24] that studies which have incorporated density dependence (one alternative to complete frequency independence) "mostly used either the expected lifetime reproductive success R 0 or population size at equilibriumN as the optimization criteria" (p. 166).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Graphical analysis of evolutionary trade-off in sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission modes

Kribs-Zaleta

2014

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Evolutionary trade-off (one attribute increasing at the expense of another) is a central notion in the evolution of traits, well-studied especially in life-history theory, where a framework first developed by Levins illustrates how internal (genetics) and external (fitness landscapes) forces interact to shape an organism's ongoing adaptation. This manuscript extends this framework to the context of vector-borne pathogens, with the example of Trypanosoma cruzi (the etiological agent of Chagas' disease) adapting via trade-off among three different infection routes to hostsstercorarian, vertical, and oral-in response to an epidemiological landscape that involves both hosts and vectors. Using a fitness measure derived from an invasion reproductive number, this study analyzes several different trade-off scenarios in cycles involving raccoons or woodrats, and finds that selection favors oral transmission to raccoons but classical stercorarian transmission to woodrats even under the same predation rate, with vertical (congenital) transmission favored only when aligned with dominant oral transmission or (at trace levels) under a weak trade-off.

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Section: Stercorarian/vertical Transmissibility Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Graphical analysis of evolutionary trade-off in sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission modes

Kribs-Zaleta

2014

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…Analysis of the evolution of predators in one predator-two prey systems where the predator is unable to form a search image, shows that in such a system the predator will evolve its prey diet towards a state which is the well mixed equivalent of an Ideal Free Distribution (IFD; Fretwell and Lucas, 1970;Kȓivan et al, 2008), in that predators regulate their prey in such a way that no predator can gain from having a different diet (Abrams, 2006b,a;Schreiber and Tobiason, 2003;Rueffler et al, 2006Rueffler et al, , 2007. Well mixed here refers to the fact that the prey are mixed together instead of distributed among patches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary consequences of a search image

Leeuwen

Jansen

2010

Theoretical Population Biology

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Many predators are able to become better at spotting cryptic prey by recognising specific clues, but by concentrating on one prey type they will become worse at spotting other prey types. This phenomenon is known as the formation of a search image for a certain prey by a predator and is related to apostatic selection. Here we study the evolution of a search image in the predator by formulating and analysing a mathematical model. The predator forages for two prey types and is able to form an independent search image for both prey. The results show that the evolutionary dynamics can be divided into two parts, a fast and a slow part. At first selection pressure will be strong towards a stable ratio of prey, which is the same as the ratio found for the unbeatable prey choice for predators with a Holling type II functional response. Following this the slow dynamics will keep this ratio constant independent of the trait values, but the predator will slowly evolve towards a stronger search image and ultimately become a specialist predator or slowly evolve towards generalist with a weak search image. In conclusion, the formation of a search image causes the predator to control the prey densities such that the ratio of available prey is kept constant by the predator.

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Coevolution of competing Callosobruchus species does not stabilize coexistence

Hausch

Fox

Vamosi

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Interspecific resource competition is expected to select for divergence in resource use, weakening interspecific relative to intraspecific competition, thus promoting stable coexistence. More broadly, because interspecific competition reduces fitness, any mechanism of interspecific competition should generate selection favoring traits that weaken interspecific competition. However, species also can adapt to competition by increasing their competitive ability, potentially destabilizing coexistence. We reared two species of bean beetles, the specialist Callosobruchus maculatus and the generalist C. chinensis, in allopatry and sympatry on a mixture of adzuki beans and lentils, and assayed mutual invasibility after four, eight, and twelve generations of evolution. Contrary to the expectation that coevolution of competitors will weaken interspecific competition, the rate of mutual invasibility did not differ between sympatry and allopatry. Rather, the invasion rate of C. chinensis, but not C. maculatus, increased with duration of evolution, as C. chinensis adapted to lentils without experiencing reduced adaptation to adzuki beans, and regardless of the presence or absence of C. maculatus. Our results highlight that evolutionary responses to interspecific competition promote stable coexistence only under specific conditions that can be difficult to produce in practice.

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The Evolution of Resource Specialization through Frequency‐Dependent and Frequency‐Independent Mechanisms

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Graphical analysis of evolutionary trade-off in sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission modes

Graphical analysis of evolutionary trade-off in sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission modes

Evolutionary consequences of a search image

Coevolution of competing Callosobruchus species does not stabilize coexistence

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