The Evolution of Seabirds in the Humboldt Current: New Clues from the Pliocene of Central Chile

Hoffmeister, M.; Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Nielsen, Sven N.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090043

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…4) is poorer than that in former analyses based on the full morpho− logical dataset or its combination with molecular data (e.g., Ksepka et al 2012;Ksepka and Thomas 2013). The uncorrected subset of Chávez Hoffmeister et al (2014) results in 18 most parsimonious trees (MPTs) (153 steps) (Fig. 4A), less than using the corrected subset with an equivalent sample of taxa (772 MPTs, 279 steps) (Fig.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The following characters are based on the humerus/tarsometatarsus traits used by Chávez Hoffmeister et al (2014), which in turn were modified from Ksepka et al (2012) and Ksepka and Thomas (2013). Twenty−five new characters were added for a total of 75 humerus/tarsometatarsus traits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compare the resolution and performance of this corrected subset with results of former studies, I ran the analyses of three sets of humerus/ tarsometatarsus characters: (i) the uncorrected subset presented by Chávez Hoffmeister et al (2014) (38 taxa, 50 characters); (ii) the corrected subset with an equivalent sample of taxa et al 2014) with the corrected humerus/tarsometatarsus subset (48 taxa, 279 characters). All phylogenetic analyses were conducted using TNT 1.1 (Golo− boff et al 2003) with a traditional search strategy (10000 replicates of random taxon addition saving 10 trees per replicate, with TBR branch swapping).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decade, several authors have explored the use of molecular (e.g., Subramanian et al 2013), morphological (e.g., Giannini and Bertelli 2004) and combined datasets (e.g., Bertelli and Giannini 2005;Ksepka et al 2006;Chávez Hoffmeister et al 2014) in order to resolve the rela− tionships among extant and extinct penguins. Despite persistent disagreement between morphological and molecular data regarding the rooting of the crown group (Ksepka and Ando 2011), there is a general consensus that the Paleogene (i.e., early) penguins are arranged in a paraphyletic series leading to crown Spheniscidae, the clade of modern penguins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent version of this dataset in− cluded 254 morphological characters (Chávez Hoffmeister et al 2014), of which 31 are from the humerus and 19 from the tarsometatarsus, representing 19.1% and 11.7% of the osteological characters respectively. These elements are ex− tremely important for the incorporation of fossil penguin traits into phylogenetic matrices, being rather solid elements relatively abundant as fossils (Cruz 2005(Cruz , 2007Chávez Hoffmeister 2007) and informative enough to allow taxonomical identifications (see Walsh et al 2007Walsh et al , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Characters in the Humerus and Tarsometatarsus of Penguins

Hoffmeister¹

2014

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:The present review aims to improve the scope and coverage of the phylogenetic matrices currently in use, as well as explore some aspects of the relationships among Paleogene penguins, using two key skeletal elements, the humerus and tarsometatarsus. These bones are extremely important for phylogenetic analyses based on fossils because they are commonly found solid specimens, often selected as holo− and paratypes of fossil taxa. The resulting dataset includes 25 new characters, making a total of 75 characters, along with eight previously uncoded taxa for a total of 48. The incorporation and analysis of this corrected subset of morphological characters raise some interesting questions consider− ing the relationships among Paleogene penguins, particularly regarding the possible exis− tence of two separate clades including Palaeeudyptes and Paraptenodytes, the monophyly of Platydyptes and Paraptenodytes, and the position of Anthropornis. Additionally, Noto− dyptes wimani is here recovered in the same collapsed node as Archaeospheniscus and not within Delphinornis, as in former analyses.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Characters in the Humerus and Tarsometatarsus of Penguins

Hoffmeister¹

2014

Polish Polar Research

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A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere

Valenzuela‐Toro

Pyenson

Suárez

2015

Papers in Palaeontology

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Along the south‐western coast of South America, three genera of fossil phocids (true seals) have been formally described from the late Neogene: Acrophoca and Piscophoca from Chile and Peru, and, more recently, Hadrokirus from Peru, which all represent medium‐ to large‐sized phocids. Here, we report the discovery of Australophoca changorum gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive phocid from the late Miocene of the Bahía Inglesa Formation (northern Chile) and Pisco Formation (southern Peru), comparable in size with the smallest species of modern phocids. This taxon is based on diagnostic postcranial material, including a humerus that has an elongated deltopectoral crest but lacks an entepicondylar foramen; a femur with a subtrochanteric fossa, among other characters; in combination with a relatively small body size. All these features together distinguish A. changorum from all other reported pinnipeds. This new taxon not only increases the taxonomic and morphological diversity of phocids of the late Neogene of the eastern South Pacific Ocean, but it also provides new insights about the evolutionary history of fossil pinniped assemblages in South America and, broadly, in the southern hemisphere.

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Late Neogene evolution of the Peruvian margin and its ecosystems: a synthesis from the Sacaco record

Ochoa

Salas-Gismondi

DeVries

et al. 2021

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The highly productive waters of the Humboldt Current System (HCS) host a particular temperate ecosystem within the tropics, whose history is still largely unknown. The Pisco Formation, deposited during Mio-Pliocene times in the Peruvian continental margin has yielded an outstanding collection of coastal-marine fossils, providing an opportunity to understand the genesis of the HCS ecosystem. We present a comprehensive review, completed with new results, that integrates geological and paleontological data from the last 10 My, especially focusing on the southern East Pisco Basin (Sacaco area). We discuss the depositional settings of the Pisco Formation and integrate new U/Pb radiometric ages into the chronostratigraphic framework of the Sacaco sub-basin. The last preserved Pisco sediments at Sacaco were deposited ~ 4.5 Ma, while the overlying Caracoles Formation accumulated from ~ 2.7 Ma onwards. We identified a Pliocene angular unconformity encompassing 1.7 My between these formations, associated with a regional phase of uplift. Local and regional paleoenvironmental indicators suggest that shallow settings influenced by the offshore upwelling of ventilated and warm waters prevailed until the early Pliocene. We present an extensive synthesis of the late Miocene–Pleistocene vertebrate fossil record, which allows for an ecological characterization of the coastal-marine communities, an assessment of biodiversity trends, and changes in coastal-marine lineages in relation to modern HCS faunas. Our synthesis shows that: (i) typical endemic coastal Pisco vertebrates persisted up to ~ 4.5 Ma, (ii) first modern HCS toothed cetaceans appear at ~ 7–6 Ma, coinciding with a decline in genus diversity, and (iii) a vertebrate community closer to the current HCS was only reached after 2.7 Ma. The genesis of the Peruvian coastal ecosystem seems to be driven by a combination of stepwise transformations of the coastal geomorphology related to local tectonic pulses and by a global cooling trend leading to the modern oceanic circulation system.

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The Evolution of Seabirds in the Humboldt Current: New Clues from the Pliocene of Central Chile

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Phylogenetic Characters in the Humerus and Tarsometatarsus of Penguins

Phylogenetic Characters in the Humerus and Tarsometatarsus of Penguins

A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere

Late Neogene evolution of the Peruvian margin and its ecosystems: a synthesis from the Sacaco record

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