The evolution of somatostatin in vertebrates

Liu, Yun; Lu, Danqi; Zhang, Yong; Li, Shuisheng; Liu, Xiaochun; Lin, Haoran

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2010.04.016

Cited by 70 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The SS family in vertebrates is composed of at least six paralogous genes named SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, and SS6 according to the nomenclature initially proposed by Tostivint et al (2008) and then expanded by Liu et al (2010).…”

Section: Peptides Of the Ss Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that additional SS2-related sequences have been identified in the elephant shark and little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), two chondrichthyan species, albeit without Pro 2 in little skate ( Fig. 1; Liu et al 2010). Cortistatin (CST) was discovered by de Lecea et al (1996) as a putative product of a novel 112-amino acid polypeptide sharing 11 amino acids with SS1 at its C-terminus.…”

Section: Ss2/cortistatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is now apparent that an SS4 gene is present in all teleost species for which whole-genome sequences are currently available (Liu et al 2010).…”

Section: Ss4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The structure of SS4 is highly divergent between species, in both length and primary sequence, mainly because of the erratic positions of the dibasic cleavage sites (reviewed in Liu et al (2010)). …”

Section: Ss4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

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Section: Peptides Of the Ss Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ss2/cortistatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is now apparent that an SS4 gene is present in all teleost species for which whole-genome sequences are currently available (Liu et al 2010).…”

Section: Ss4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ss4mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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show abstract

“…For example, multiple somatostatin and somatostatin receptor genes were characterized in the Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) [95] and in groupers [96][97][98][99]. Orangespotted grouper orexin was found to be involved in feeding and orexin-A was a stimulator of NPY mRNA expression in vivo and in vitro [100].…”

Section: Growth Trait and Candidate Growth-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis and genetic improvement of economically important traits in aquaculture animals

2012

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Aquaculture has been believed to be a major Chinese contribution to the world. In recent 20 years, genome and other genetic technologies have promoted significant advances in basic studies on molecular basis and genetic improvement of aquaculture animals, and complete genomes of some main aquaculture animals have been sequenced or announced to be sequenced since the beginning of this century. Here, we review some significant breakthrough progress of aquaculture genetic improvement technologies including genome technologies, somatic cell nuclear transfer and stem cell technologies, outline the molecular basis of several economically important traits including reproduction, sex, growth, disease resistance, cold tolerance and hypoxia tolerance, and present a series of candidate trait-related genes. Finally, some application cases of genetic improvement are introduced in aquaculture animals, especially in China, and several development trends are highlighted in the near future.

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Differential expression of five prosomatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula

Sobrido‐Cameán

Tostivint

Mazan

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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Five prosomatostatin genes (PSST1, PSST2, PSST3, PSST5, and PSST6) have been recently identified in elasmobranchs (Tostivint et al., General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2019, 279, 139–147). In order to gain insight into the contribution of each somatostatin to specific nervous systems circuits and behaviors in this important jawed vertebrate group, we studied the distribution of neurons expressing PSST mRNAs in the central nervous system (CNS) of Scyliorhinus canicula using in situ hybridization. Additionally, we combined in situ hybridization with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry for better characterization of PSST1 and PSST6 expressing populations. We observed differential expression of PSST1 and PSST6, which are the most widely expressed PSST transcripts, in cell populations of many CNS regions, including the pallium, subpallium, hypothalamus, diencephalon, optic tectum, midbrain tegmentum, and rhombencephalon. Interestingly, numerous small pallial neurons express PSST1 and PSST6, although in different populations judging from the colocalization of TH immunoreactivity and PSST6 expression but not with PSST1. We observed expression of PSST1 in cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular organ and the central canal of the spinal cord. Unlike PSST1 and PSST6, PSST2, and PSST3 are only expressed in cells of the hypothalamus and in some hindbrain lateral reticular neurons, and PSST5 in cells of the region of the entopeduncular nucleus. Comparative data of brain expression of PSST genes indicate that the somatostatinergic system of sharks is the most complex reported in any fish.

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The evolution of somatostatin in vertebrates

Cited by 70 publications

References 40 publications

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Molecular basis and genetic improvement of economically important traits in aquaculture animals

Differential expression of five prosomatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula

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