The evolution of substrate differentiation in <i>Minuartia</i> series <i>Laricifoliae</i> (Caryophyllaceae) in the European Alps: In situ origin or repeated colonization?

Moore, Abigail J.; Kadereit, Joachim W.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1300225

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These include shifts from calcareous to siliceous and from siliceous to calcareous substrates. There exists experimental evidence that transplantation of individuals growing on calcareous soils to siliceous soils is less harmful and more successful in the absence of competition than vice versa (Rorison 1960;Gigon 1971;Ware 1990); indeed, phylogenetic shifts from calcareous to siliceous soils have been more often found in phylogenetic reconstructions (Hungerer and Kadereit 1998;Conti et al 1999;Kropf et al 2003;Dillenberger and Kadereit 2013;Moore and Kadereit 2013). On this background, our finding of shifts in the opposite direction in Sempervivum and Jovibarba is unusual (but see Dillenberger and Kadereit 2013;Schneeweiss et al 2013).…”

Section: Evolution Of Edaphic Associationmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…This differentiation appears to have contributed substantially to the diversification of the alpine flora (Choler et al 2004;Milne and Abbott 2008). The recent finding of edaphic niche stability at the intraspecific level (Alvarez et al 2009) contrasts strongly with the observation of edaphic niche shifts at the interspecific level in several studies addressing this topic (Hungerer and Kadereit 1998;Conti et al 1999;Kropf et al 2003;Dillenberger and Kadereit 2013;Moore and Kadereit 2013;Schneeweiss et al 2013). To assess the importance of edaphic association as a driver of diversification in the European Alpine System, Sempervivum and Jovibarba are promising because they contain some variation in edaphic association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Evolution of Edaphic Association in the European OreophytesSempervivumandJovibarba(Crassulaceae)

Klein¹,

Kadereit²

2015

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. Editor: Félix ForestPremise of research. We reconstructed the phylogeny, biogeographical history, and evolution of edaphic association in Sempervivum and Jovibarba (Crassulaceae), two oreophytic genera of the mountain flora of Europe and adjacent areas.Methodology. Using two nuclear markers (internal transcribed spacer and parts of intergenic spacer) and three chloroplast DNA markers (atpI-atpH, rps16-intron, trnQ-rps16) for 44 of the 48 species recognized in the two genera, we obtained a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis on relationships between and within the two genera. This phylogeny was dated and used for the reconstruction of ancestral distribution areas and the evolution of edaphic association.Pivotal results. Our analyses showed that Sempervivum and Jovibarba are monophyletic sister genera. Several well-supported intrageneric clades were recovered in our nuclear phylogeny, which generally were not supported by our chloroplast data. This incongruence most likely results from hybridization. The split between the two genera took place ∼5-9 million years ago, contemporary with the major uplift of the European Alpine System. This split is best explained as a vicariance event resulting in a more westerly distributed Sempervivum and a more easterly distributed Jovibarba. Most intrageneric diversification took place within the past ∼2 million years. The ancestrally European distribution area of Sempervivum was expanded by one long-distance dispersal event into northern Africa and three long-distance dispersal events into Southwest Asia. Our reconstruction of edaphic association revealed mainly transitions from calcifuge to calcicole. Most of these transitions took place regionally, and their timing and geographical setting suggest that they were caused by range shifts in response to Quaternary climatic oscillations.Conclusions. The large majority of extant species in the two genera originated in the Quaternary, and all major range shifts took place in this period. With respect to changes in edaphic association, we hypothesize that climatic changes either forced populations into edaphically unsuitable habitats or allowed populations to colonize newly available but edaphically unsuitable habitats.

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Section: Evolution Of Edaphic Associationmentioning

confidence: 39%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Evolution of Edaphic Association in the European OreophytesSempervivumandJovibarba(Crassulaceae)

Klein¹,

Kadereit²

2015

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…) and represents a diversification trigger within some species groups (e.g. Dillenberger & Kadereit ; Moore & Kadereit ). On the other hand, our results are in line with the generally broad range of substrate preferences known also for A. arenosa tetraploids (Kolář et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern glacial refugia and altitudinal niche divergence shape genome‐wide differentiation in the emerging plant model Arabidopsis arenosa

et al. 2016

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Quaternary climatic oscillations profoundly impacted temperate biodiversity. For many diverse yet undersampled areas, however, the consequences of this impact are still poorly known. In Europe, particular uncertainty surrounds the role of Balkans, a major hotspot of European diversity, in postglacial recolonization of more northerly areas, and the Carpathians, a debatable candidate for a northern 'cryptic' glacial refugium. Using genome-wide SNPs and microsatellites, we examined how the interplay of historical processes and niche shifts structured genetic diversity of diploid Arabidopsis arenosa, a little-known member of the plant model genus that occupies a wide niche range from sea level to alpine peaks across eastern temperate Europe. While the northern Balkans hosted one isolated endemic lineage, most of the genetic diversity was concentrated further north in the Pannonian Basin and the Carpathians, where it likely survived the last glaciation in northern refugia. Finally, a distinct postglacial environment in northern Europe was colonized by populations of admixed origin from the two Carpathian lineages. Niche differentiation along altitude-related bioclimatic gradients was the main trend in the phylogeny of A. arenosa. The most prominent niche shifts, however, characterized genetically only slightly divergent populations that expanded into narrowly defined alpine and northern coastal postglacial environments. Our study highlights the role of eastern central European mountains not only as refugia for unique temperate diversity but also sources for postglacial expansion into novel high-altitude and high-latitude niches. Knowledge of distinct genetic substructure of diploid A. arenosa also opens new opportunities for follow-up studies of this emerging model of evolutionary biology.

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“…; Milne & Abbott ; Alvarez et al . ; Dillenberger & Kadereit ; Moore & Kadereit ), although it seems to be rare in boreal and (sub‐) arctic regions (Westerbergh & Saura ; Nyberg Berglund et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of unique diversity in deglaciated areas: traces ofPleistocene processes in north‐European endemics from theGalium pusillumpolyploid complex (Rubiaceae)

et al. 2015

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The role of glacial oscillations in shaping plant diversity has been only rarely addressed in endemics of formerly glaciated areas. The Galium pusillum group represents a rare example of an ecologically diverse and ploidy-variable species complex that exhibits substantial diversity in deglaciated northern Europe. Using AFLP and plastid and nuclear DNA sequences of 67 populations from northern, central, and western Europe with known ecological preferences, we elucidate the evolutionary history of lineages restricted to deglaciated areas and identify the eco-geographic partitioning of their genetic variation. We reveal three distinct endemic northern lineages: (i) diploids from southern Sweden + the British Isles, (ii) tetraploids from southern Scandinavia and the British Isles that show signs of ancient hybridization between the first lineage and populations from unglaciated central Europe, and (iii) tetraploids from Iceland + central Norway. Available evidence supports a stepwise differentiation of these three lineages that started at least before the last glacial maximum by processes of genome duplication, interlineage hybridization and/or allopatric evolution in distinct periglacial refugia. We reject the hypothesis of more recent postglacial speciation. Ecological characteristics of the populations under study only partly reflect genetic variation and suggest broad niches of postglacial colonizers. Despite their largely allopatric modern distributions, the north-European lineages of the G. pusillum group do not show signs of rapid postglacial divergence, in contrast to most other northern endemics. Our study suggests that plants inhabiting deglaciated areas outside the Arctic may exhibit very different evolutionary histories compared with their more thoroughly investigated high-arctic counterparts.

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The evolution of substrate differentiation in Minuartia series Laricifoliae (Caryophyllaceae) in the European Alps: In situ origin or repeated colonization?

Abstract: In the study group, taxa with contrasting substrate preferences did not diverge in the Alps. Instead, taxa whose substrate differentiation arose elsewhere, likely on the Balkan Peninsula, were preadapted to take advantage of Alpine substrate diversity.

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Evolution of Edaphic Association in the European OreophytesSempervivumandJovibarba(Crassulaceae)

Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Evolution of Edaphic Association in the European OreophytesSempervivumandJovibarba(Crassulaceae)

Northern glacial refugia and altitudinal niche divergence shape genome‐wide differentiation in the emerging plant model Arabidopsis arenosa

The origin of unique diversity in deglaciated areas: traces ofPleistocene processes in north‐European endemics from theGalium pusillumpolyploid complex (Rubiaceae)

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