The evolution of the Green Algae

Friedl, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6542-3_4

Cited by 109 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Bootstrap values of distance (neighbour-joining number before the slash) and maximum-parsimony analysis (number after the slash) using an identical dataset are indicated (only values >50 % were recorded). (Friedl, 1995(Friedl, , 1997. In our analyses, the Trebouxiophyceae form a clade with moderate support (64-79 %).…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The Pleurastrophyceae of Mattox & Stewart has been shown to be a polyphyletic group (Friedl & Zeltner, 1994). Friedl (1995) erected a new class name, the Trebouxiophyceae, to include many coccoid green algae that completely lack a motile stage (autosporic coccoids) and members of the Microthamniales [sensu Melkonian (1982Melkonian ( , 1990 or Pleurastrales sensu Mattox & Stewart (1984)] based on rDNA sequence comparisons (Friedl, 1995(Friedl, , 1997. In our analyses, the Trebouxiophyceae form a clade with moderate support (64-79 %).…”

Section: Three Classes Of Chlorophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The charophycean algae include taxa from at least five orders: the Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales and Charales. The second lineage (chlorophycean algae sensu Pickett-Heaps & Marchant, 1972) consists exclusively of the remaining green algae (containing at least Chlamydomonas and its allies, the coccoid green algae, Dasycladales, Cladophorales and Trebouxiophyceae), forming the monophyletic group Chlorophyta (sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1993;Friedl, 1997;Melkonian et al, 1995). The term 'chlorophyte' has often been used to denote all green algae; however, it should now be used only as an informal designation for green algae in the Chlorophyta [see Chapman et al (1999) for a revisionary approach to the systematics of the green algae].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA

Lopez-Bautista

2003

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear-encoded small-subunit rDNA sequences from taxa representing all of the major lineages of green algae, including new sequences for the Trentepohliales, consistently indicated that the subaerial Trentepohliales are closely related to ulvophycean marine green algae, particularly to the siphonous and hemisiphonous orders. The presence of phragmoplast-type cytokinesis in the order Trentepohliales remains enigmatic, and it is interesting that this type of cell division is associated with terrestrial (subaerial) habits. INTRODUCTIONRecent reviews (e.g. Chapman et al., 1999;Waters & Chapman, 1996) of analyses of the nuclear-encoded smallsubunit (SSU) rDNA as well as the chloroplast-encoded large-subunit Rubisco gene (rbcL) provide support for the original suggestion, based on ultrastructural data, that there are two main lineages among the green plants (Pickett-Heaps & Marchand, 1972). One of the lineages comprises the charophycean algae and their descendents, the land plants (charophycean lineage sensu Pickett-Heaps & Marchant, 1972), forming a monophyletic group named Streptophyta (sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1993). The charophycean algae include taxa from at least five orders: the Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales and Charales. The second lineage (chlorophycean algae sensu Pickett-Heaps & Marchant, 1972) consists exclusively of the remaining green algae (containing at least Chlamydomonas and its allies, the coccoid green algae, Dasycladales, Cladophorales and Trebouxiophyceae), forming the monophyletic group Chlorophyta (sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1993;Friedl, 1997;Melkonian et al., 1995). The term 'chlorophyte' has often been used to denote all green algae; however, it should now be used only as an informal designation for green algae in the Chlorophyta [see Chapman et al. (1999) for a revisionary approach to the systematics of the green algae].Conflicting hypotheses have been offered about the systematic position of the Trentepohliales among the several classes of green algae. The presence of multilayered structures in the flagellar apparatus and the demonstration of a phragmoplasttype cytokinesis in Cephaleuros parasiticus (Chapman & Henk, 1986) and Trentepohlia odorata (Chapman et al., 2001;Waters et al., 1998) suggest an affinity with the class Charophyceae. However, taxonomic features of the Trentepohliales such as the anticlockwise flagellar apparatus components can be cited as evidence for an affinity with the Ulvophyceae (Roberts, 1984). Based on biochemical, biophysical and physiological features, Raven (1987) classified the Trentepohliales among a third class, the Pleurastrophyceae. Moreover, it was noted that the Trentepohliales even share a rare ultrastructural feature (presumptive mating structures in the gametes) with members of a fourth class, the Chlorophyceae (Chapman & Henk, 1983, 1985. Therefore, the Trentepohliales exhibit some features associated with four of the five major classes of green algae in the system proposed by Mattox & Stewart (198...

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mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Three Classes Of Chlorophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA

Lopez-Bautista

2003

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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“…They participate in symbiotic associations with fungi, forming lichens (e.g. Trebouxia; Friedl, 1997), or grow on (and partly in) various natural surfaces such as the bark of trees, rocks and soil (Bell, 1993;Belnap & Lange, 2001;Johansen & Shubert, 2001;Bu¨del, 2005;Cardon et al, 2008, and references therein). In urban areas, extensive growth on man-made surfaces such as roof tiles, building facades and concrete pathways may become a biofouling problem Eggert et al, 2006;Karsten et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological performance of an urban strain of the aeroterrestrial green algaKlebsormidiumsp. (Klebsormidiales, Klebsormidiophyceae)

Karsten

Rindi

2010

European Journal of Phycology

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Aeroterrestrial green algae are among the most ubiquitous members of the microbial flora colonizing aerial surfaces. Filamentous green algae, in particular, produce large populations in several natural and artificial habitats. In recent years it has been shown that the bases of the walls of urban environments are frequently colonized by filamentous green algae. However, information concerning the physiology of these organisms and the factors that determine their distribution is extremely limited. We studied the physiological responses of a strain of Klebsormidium sp. (Klebsormidiales, Klebsormidiophyceae) collected in an urban area (Konstanz, Germany). Growth responses, photosynthetic performance, desiccation tolerance and accumulation of organic osmolytes were measured in several different combinations of environmental factors. Klebsormidium sp. exhibited optimal growth and highest photosynthetic efficiency under relatively low photon fluence rates, performing optimally between 15 and 30 mmol photons m À2 s À1 and showing increasing inhibition above 85 mmol photons m À2 s À1. Although it could survive at salinities up to 60 psu, this alga was relatively stenohaline; growth was optimal between 1.2 and 15 psu and declined considerably at higher salinities. Sucrose acted as the major organic osmolyte, and its concentration increased almost linearly between 1.2 and 30 psu from 29.7 to 171.2 mmol g À1 dry weight. Further increases in salinity, however, were accompanied by a strong reduction in sucrose content pointing to insufficient osmotic adjustment. Klebsormidium sp. was able to photosynthesize efficiently for up to 2 hours under complete desiccation. Afterwards, however, there was no measurable photosynthetic activity although complete photosynthetic efficiency (F v /F m ) was recovered upon rehydration for 48 hours. Overall, the results correlate well with the ecology of Klebsormidium sp. in the field and its distribution in continental Europe.

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“…Storing a separate image or`template' for every possible view requires vast numbers to be stored and scanned, has a high probability of recognition error and appears not to be the solution adopted by primates 2,3 . However, some invertebrate template matching systems can achieve recognition by`active vision' in which the animal's own behaviour is used to achieve a ®t between template and object 4 , for example by repeatedly following a set path 5±7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Ancestral chloroplast genome in Mesostigma viride reveals an early branch of green plant evolution

Lemieux

Otis

Turmel

2000

Nature

245

187

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649verify that the pro®le represented a single clone type. Complete sequences were obtained for each unique restriction pattern. Before translation to the deduced amino-acid sequence, cloned mxaF sequences were screened for chimaeras by visual comparison with the mxaF sequences of extant strains. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were done with the ARB programme (http://www.mikro.biologie.tu-muenchen.de), omitting regions of sequence ambiguity and incomplete sequence from the analyses. Results were depicted as a consensus tree, combining the results of evolutionary distance (Jukes and Cantor model for DNA; Dayhoff PAM model for amino acids), maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses of the datasets. Multifurcations indicate points where the branching order was not supported by all three methods.

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The evolution of the Green Algae

Cited by 109 publications

References 54 publications

Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA

Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA

Ecophysiological performance of an urban strain of the aeroterrestrial green algaKlebsormidiumsp. (Klebsormidiales, Klebsormidiophyceae)

Ancestral chloroplast genome in Mesostigma viride reveals an early branch of green plant evolution

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