The Evolution of the Ottoman Seaborne Empire in the Age of the Oceanic Discoveries, 1453-1525

Impact of Ottoman Scientific Advancement in the Era of Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih (Mehmed the Conqueror) towards the Ottoman Scientific Zenith

“…Before Constantinople was successfully conquered by Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih, the Ottomans obtained a shipyard which functioned and was responsible for preparing ships readying for war. The shipyard was located in Gallipoli as stated by Hess (1970).…”

“…Territorial expansion policy opened the opportunity for the field of engineering in manufacturing of weaponry to flourish (Jamsari et al, 2012). New policy which was sanctioned was maritime policy which had the objective of conquering territories of non-Muslim rulers who fought Islam specifically the Byzantine Empire through continuously seizing their towns and territories around waters (Hess, 1970). Resettlement policy to attract the people of different background, religion, race and occupation rejuvenated Istanbul (Oz, 1999).…”

“…Al-Fatih also carried out studies in shipbuilding technology and geography to get new information in both fields [Hess, 1970;Ayduz, 2010). He would give rewards to students and teachers who excelled in Ottoman madrasahs (al-Salabi, 2011).…”

Three Renaissance Wrecks from Turkey and Their Implications for Maritime History in the Eastern Mediterranean

“…Early in the sixteenth century, when sultans such as Bayezid II (1481-1512) and Selim I (1512-20) set Turkey on a conscious program of naval development, the Ottomans had several reasons to expand. They looked to acquire commercial opportunities and valuable territories along the Levantine coast, and they wanted to assure the safe flow of tax revenues from any new territories (Hess 1970(Hess , pp. 1901(Hess -1905(Hess , 1912Guilmartin 1974, pp.…”

Early Modern Expansion and the Politicization of Oceanic Space

“…The Acehnese sultanate, founded in northern Sumatra in the early sixteenth century, organized a trading network between the Indonesian archipelago and South Asia that challenged Portuguese dominance in the intra-Asian trades. In the long run, peaceful accommodation was more profitable than coercion, and the Portuguese became just another player in the Asian trades (Hess 1970;Lane 1973;Chaudhuri 1985;Pearson 1987;Souza 1987;Subrahmanyam 1993).…”