The Evolution of the Treatment of Varicose Veins in the 21st Century

Abstract

A description of the changes in the management of superficial venous disease that have occurred in the first two decades of the 21st century are explored. A brief overview of traditional techniques prior to this evolution is also described. Special focus is placed upon the treatment of difficult recurrent venous disease. Newer innovations at the time of writing are mentioned and their possible applications for future development suggested.

Toward Positive Energy Districts by Urban–Industrial Energy Exchange

“…Surplus PV power is assumed to be dispatched at the same rate as the supply rate from Hydro Quebec. This study calculates operation costs based on 0.097 𝐶𝐴𝐷/𝑘𝑊ℎ for electricity [33] and 0.41 𝐶𝐴𝐷/𝑚 for natural gas consumption (including base, distribution, and service costs) [34]. Annual service cost Heat transmission line Two metrics are evaluated through the financial analysis section.…”