The Evolution of University-Industry Interactions: Case of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The paper aims to analyze a historical evolution of university-industry linkages in Kazakhstan since its annexing to the USSR till present days. The discussion in the paper is based on existent literature, statistical data, and author's observations. The findings reveal three basic periods of university-industry linkages development in Kazakhstan: a rise of science-industry interactions in the era of the USSR, scientific stagnation after Kazakhstan's independence, and a hard gradual recovery after 2000s. Despite numerous attempts of policymakers to revitalize science and foster innovative development of Kazakhstan clear mechanisms for the integration of science and industry were not yet developed.