The Evolution of Visual Cortex in Primates

Kaas, Jon H.

doi:10.1002/0470868112.ch9

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…V2 in macaques covers a thin strip of the cortical surface along the full extent of the anterior border of V1 (DeYoe and Van Essen, 1985; Kaas, 2005). Like V1, it contains a topographic map of the contralateral visual field across its surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 may identify distinct modes of glutamatergic transmission in the macaque visual system

Balaram

Hackett

Kaas

2013

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter utilized by the mammalian visual system for excitatory neurotransmission. The sequestration of glutamate into synaptic vesicles, and the subsequent transport of filled vesicles to the presynaptic terminal membrane, is regulated by a family of proteins known as vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Two VGLUT proteins, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, characterize distinct sets of glutamatergic projections between visual structures in rodents and prosimian primates, yet little is known about their distributions in the visual system of anthropoid primates. We have examined the mRNA and protein expression patterns of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the visual system of macaque monkeys, an Old World anthropoid primate, in order to determine their relative distributions in the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, pulvinar complex, V1 and V2. Distinct expression patterns for both VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 identified architectonic boundaries in all structures, as well as anatomical subdivisions of the superior colliculus, pulvinar complex, and V1. These results suggest that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 clearly identify regions of glutamatergic input in visual structures, and may identify common architectonic features of visual areas and nuclei across the primate radiation. Additionally, we find that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 characterize distinct subsets of glutamatergic projections in the macaque visual system; VGLUT2 predominates in driving or feedforward projections from lower order to higher order visual structures while VGLUT1 predominates in modulatory or feedback projections from higher order to lower order visual structures. The distribution of these two proteins suggests that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 may identify class 1 and class 2 type glutamatergic projections within the primate visual system (Sherman and Guillery, 2006).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 may identify distinct modes of glutamatergic transmission in the macaque visual system

Balaram

Hackett

Kaas

2013

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…In both experiments 1 and 2, the protocol consisted of two sessions, one for injections into the side contralateral to the large reward side in the infrequent trials and another for injections into the ipsilateral side. In rats, each SC receives visual information from the contralateral hemifield mainly through the contralateral eye [15]. We therefore conducted both contralateral and ipsilateral inactivation sessions to investigate whether there would be a relationship among the spatial arrangement of the cue lights (left and right), the side of inactivation (contralateral or ipsilateral) and performance.…”

Section: Inactivation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3B) inactivation impaired performance on the infrequent D trials, the impairments were less pronounced in the ipsilateral inactivation sessions. In rats, each SC receives visual information from the contralateral hemifield mainly from the contralateral eye [15]. In addition, although rare, ipsilateral and bilateral projections exist from the rat's retina to the SC [16,17] and there is electrophysiological evidence that the ipsilateral hemi-field is represented in the rostrolateral portion of the rat SC [18].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Deficits Induced By Muscimol Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An animal model of disengagement: Temporary inactivation of the superior colliculus impairs attention disengagement in rats

Araújo

Matsumoto

Ono

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…The superficial layers of cortex express a dot-like distribution of functional modules, the so-called blobs, which may be important in color vision (Casagrande and Kaas, 1994; Preuss and Kaas, 1996). Because these features are not found in the nonprimate members of the Euarchontoglire clade (rabbits, rodents, flying lemurs, tree shrews, and primates), they must have evolved in the line leading to early primates (Kaas, 2005). However, both primates and tree shrews have orderly arrangements of orientation-selective neurons in V1, while these neurons are randomly distributed in rodents (Van Hooser et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of neocortex in primates

Kaas

2012

Progress in Brain Research

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We can learn about the evolution of neocortex in primates through comparative studies of cortical organization in primates and those mammals that are the closest living relatives of primates, in conjunction with brain features revealed by the skull endocasts of fossil archaic primates. Such studies suggest that early primates had acquired a number of features of neocortex that now distinguish modern primates. Most notably, early primates had an array of new visual areas, and those visual areas widely shared with other mammals had been modified. Posterior parietal cortex was greatly expanded with sensorimotor modules for reaching, grasping, and personal defense. Motor cortex had become more specialized for hand use, and the functions of primary motor cortex were enhanced by the addition and development of premotor and cingulate motor areas. Cortical architecture became more varied, and cortical neuron populations became denser overall than in nonprimate ancestors. Primary visual cortex had the densest population of neurons, and this became more pronounced in the anthropoid radiation. Within the primate clade, considerable variability in cortical size, numbers of areas, and architecture evolved.

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The Evolution of Visual Cortex in Primates

Cited by 23 publications

References 137 publications

Differential expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 may identify distinct modes of glutamatergic transmission in the macaque visual system

Differential expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 may identify distinct modes of glutamatergic transmission in the macaque visual system

An animal model of disengagement: Temporary inactivation of the superior colliculus impairs attention disengagement in rats

The evolution of neocortex in primates

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