The Evolution of Viviparity

Amoroso, E. C.

doi:10.1177/003591576806111p202

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Maternal transfer of nutrients may have evolved as a strategy to increase the survival chances for offspring (Amoroso 1968;Goodwin et al 2002). This transfer may allow offspring to grow faster and attain a larger size at birth, which can enhance survival in environments where competition for food is high or where food availability is low (Marsh-Matthews and Deaton 2006;Trexler et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of maternal copper and cadmium transfer in two live-bearing fish species

Cazan

Klerks

2014

Ecotoxicology

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We studied maternal transfer of an essential metal (copper) and a non-essential one (cadmium) in the live-bearing fishes Heterandria formosa and Gambusia affinis. The goals of this study were: (1) to determine whether metals are transferred from exposed females to their developing offspring; (2) to determine if this transfer differs between two fish species that differ in their degree of maternal provisioning during development; (3) to determine the duration of maternal metal transfer once females are no longer exposed; and (4) to determine whether copper and cadmium are transferred equivalently. We exposed gravid females to background levels (control) or 0.15 µM of metal for 10 days, and then transferred them to clean water. We allowed females to give birth to up to three broods, and then quantified metal levels in offspring born at least 3 days after the transfer. We detected maternal metal transfer for both metals and in both species. Offspring metal levels decreased as females spent more time in clean water. Similarly, metal levels were lower in later broods than in earlier ones. Maternal metal transfer was higher in H. formosa than in G. affinis. Our results constitute the first report of maternal metal transfer in live-bearing fishes, and show that developing embryos acquire both essential and non-essential metals from their mothers in both species. This shows that metal toxicity may be an issue for live-bearing fish in clean environments when the previous generation has encountered metal pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of maternal copper and cadmium transfer in two live-bearing fish species

Cazan

Klerks

2014

Ecotoxicology

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“…Internal fertilization occurs in at least 21 teleost families and has led to viviparity (an extreme form of maternal care) in 14 of these (Gross and Shine 1981;Wourms 1981;Gross and Sargent 1985). Because gestation and internal fertilization presumably require elaborate suites of physiological, anatomical, and behavioral adaptations (Amoroso 1968;Schindler and Hamlett 1993), phylogenetic constraints and trade-offs may be particularly important in the evolution of this form of parental care. Such observations suggest that the evolutionary pathways toward parental care might differ between lineages with internal versus external syngamy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Perspectives in the Evolution of Parental Care in Ray-Finned Fishes

2005

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Among major vertebrate groups, ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) collectively display a nearly unrivaled diversity of parental care activities. This fact, coupled with a growing body of phylogenetic data for Actinopterygii, makes these fishes a logical model system for analyzing the evolutionary histories of alternative parental care modes and associated reproductive behaviors. From an extensive literature review, we constructed a supertree for ray-finned fishes and used its phylogenetic topology to investigate the evolution of several key reproductive states including type of parental care (maternal, paternal, or biparental), internal versus external fertilization, internal versus external gestation, nest construction behavior, and presence versus absence of sexual dichromatism (as an indicator of sexual selection). Using a comparative phylogenetic approach, we critically evaluate several hypotheses regarding evolutionary pathways toward parental care. Results from maximum parsimony reconstructions indicate that all forms of parental care, including paternal, biparental, and maternal (both external and internal to the female reproductive tract) have arisen repeatedly and independently during ray-finned fish evolution. The most common evolutionary transitions were from external fertilization directly to paternal care and from external fertilization to maternal care via the intermediate step of internal fertilization. We also used maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods to test for statistical correlations and contingencies in the evolution of pairs of reproductive traits. Sexual dichromatism and nest construction proved to be positively correlated with the evolution of male parental care in species with external fertilization. Sexual dichromatism was also positively correlated with female-internal fertilization and gestation. No clear indication emerged that female-only care or biparental care were evolutionary outgrowths of male-only care, or that biparental care has been a common evolutionary stepping stone between paternal and maternal care. Results are discussed in the context of prior thought about the evolution of alternative parental care modes in vertebrates.

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“…In some areas of the sheep placenta, called placentomes there is aggressive interdigitation between trophoblast villi on the fetal side (cotyledon) and the uterus on the maternal side (caruncle) and at points the epithelia form a common syncytium allowing for more efficiency of gas and nutrient exchange. Pigs have a similar but more diffuse placental structure than sheep with less aggressive interdigitation 217 .…”

Section: An Approach To Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demystifying Animal Models of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Touching Bench and Bedside

Bonney

2013

American J Rep Immunol

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The Evolution of Viviparity

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Evidence of maternal copper and cadmium transfer in two live-bearing fish species

Evidence of maternal copper and cadmium transfer in two live-bearing fish species

Phylogenetic Perspectives in the Evolution of Parental Care in Ray-Finned Fishes

Demystifying Animal Models of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Touching Bench and Bedside

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