The Evolutionary Consequences of Polyploidy

Otto, Sarah P.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.022

Cited by 1,038 publications

(971 citation statements)

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“…Polyploidy induces genome multiplication, resulting in redundant genes that provide genetic basic for specie evolution at the molecular level. Thus, frequent polyploidization may relate to the higher species variety of fish and other organisms [22-26]. In this study, our interesting discovery and convincing experiments provided an extraordinary insight to further consideration on fish polyploidization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in natural waters

et al. 2011

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BackgroundCrucian carp (abbreviated CC) belongs to the genus of Carassius within the family of Cyprinidae. It has been one of the most important freshwater species for Chinese aquaculture and is especially abundant in the Dongting water system of Hunan province. CC used to be considered as all diploid forms. However, coexistence of diploid (abbreviated 2nCC), triploid (abbreviated 3nCC) and tetraploid crucian carp (abbreviated 4nCC) population of the Dongting water system was first found by our recently researches.ResultsWe examined the ploidy level and compared biological characteristics in different ploidy CC. In reproductive mode, 2nCC was bisexual generative and 4nCC generated all-female offspring by gynogenesis. However, 3nCC generated progenies in two different ways. 3nCC produced bisexual triploid offspring fertilized with 3nCC spermatozoa, while it produced all-female triploid offspring by gynogenesis when its ova were activated by heterogenous spermatozoa. The complete mitochondrial DNA of three different ploidy fishes was sequenced and analyzed, suggesting no significant differences. Interestingly, microchromosomes were found only in 3nCC, which were concluded to be the result of hybridization. Allogenetic DNA fragments of Sox genes were obtained in 3nCC and 4nCC, which were absent in 2nCC. Phylogenetics analysis based on Sox4 gene indicated 3nCC and 4nCC formed a separate group from 2nCC.ConclusionsIn summary, this is the first report of the co-existence of three types of different ploidy crucian carps in natural waters in China. It was proved that the coexistence of different ploidy CC was reproductively maintained. We further hypothesized that 3nCC and 4nCC were allopolyploids that resulted from hybridization. The different ploidy CC population we obtained in this study possesses great significance for the study of polyploidization and the evolution of vertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Autopolyploids, whose chromosomes were directly duplicated, were considered ephemeral, whereas allopolyploids gave rise to long-lasting lineages [26]. Accordingly, The Dianchi triploid High-back Crucian Carp of Yunnan province was not regarded as a direct duplication of the diploid Low-back Crucian Carp [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in natural waters

et al. 2011

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“…Ancient polyploidization events are important evolutionary drivers for the emergence of new phenotypes and new species 22 . Once duplication occurs, novel or specialized functions can arise in redundant alleles, and new regulatory mechanisms can develop through genomic rearrangements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ancient WGDs (also known as paleopolyploidization events) are widespread in plant lineages and represent a powerful evolutionary force for the development of novel gene functions and the emergence of new species 22 . All core eudicots share an ancient WGD termed the γ event 23 , and, among the 11 plant species analyzed, at least eight additional ancient WGDs have previously been identified 24 .…”

Section: Comparative Phylogenomics Shows Durian Paleopolyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus)

et al. 2017

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“…Enlarged cell size and polyploidy have been linked [56]: it is thought that polyploidy does not affect the frequency of cell division [57] but rather, it may enlarge cell size by boosting the rate of ribosome biogenesis [58], which could provide an indicator of cellular growth and fitness for mitosis. Additionally, an overly stabilized and less dynamic MT network is a likely contributor to the acquisition of this abnormal size (up to 70 times larger than controls in our experiments).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel family of katanin-like 2 protein isoforms (KATNAL2), interacting with nucleotide-binding proteins Nubp1 and Nubp2, are key regulators of different MT-based processes in mammalian cells

Ververis

Christodoulou

Christoforou

et al. 2015

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Katanins are microtubule (MT)-severing AAA proteins with high phylogenetic conservation throughout the eukaryotes. They have been functionally implicated in processes requiring MT remodeling, such as spindle assembly in mitosis and meiosis, assembly/disassembly of flagella and cilia and neuronal morphogenesis. Here, we uncover a novel family of katanin-like 2 proteins (KAT-NAL2) in mouse, consisting of five alternatively spliced isoforms encoded by the Katnal2 genomic locus. We further demonstrate that in vivo these isoforms are able to interact with themselves, with each other and moreover directly and independently with MRP/MinD-type P-loop NTPases Nubp1 and Nubp2, which are integral components of centrioles, negative regulators of ciliogenesis and implicated in centriole duplication in mammalian cells. We find KATNAL2 localized on interphase MTs, centrioles, mitotic spindle, midbody and the axoneme and basal body of sensory cilia in cultured murine cells. shRNAi of Katnal2 results in inefficient cytokinesis and severe phenotypes of enlarged cells and nuclei, increased numbers of centrioles and the manifestation of aberrant multipolar mitotic spindles, mitotic defects, chromosome bridges, multinuclearity, increased MT acetylation and an altered cell cycle pattern. Silencing or stable overexpression of KATNAL2 isoforms drastically reduces ciliogenesis. In conclusion, KATNAL2s are multitasking enzymes involved in the same cell type in critically important processes affecting cytokinesis, MT dynamics, and ciliogenesis and are also implicated in cell cycle progression.

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The Evolutionary Consequences of Polyploidy

Cited by 1,038 publications

References 93 publications

Coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in natural waters

Coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in natural waters

The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus)

A novel family of katanin-like 2 protein isoforms (KATNAL2), interacting with nucleotide-binding proteins Nubp1 and Nubp2, are key regulators of different MT-based processes in mammalian cells

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