The evolutionary diversity of urban forests depends on their land-use history

Borges, E.; Dexter, Kyle G.; Bueno, Marcelo Leandro; Pontara, Vanessa; Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim

doi:10.1007/s11252-020-00938-y

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…While we can attribute these phylogenetic patterns to the influences of urbanization, the reality is that urban environments can contain a complex mix of relictual and novel habitats (Aronson et al, 2017) that will undoubtedly select for different kinds of species. For example, land use history in urban areas can greatly impact phylogenetic diversity (Cheng et al, 2018), with relict forests containing higher phylogenetic diversity than recovered and secondary forests, which tend to be phylogenetically clustered (Borges et al, 2020). As a result, as long as urban areas have relatively few intact relict habitats, and more disturbed or other impacted sites, we should see a high prevalence of phylogenetically clustered communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Diversity of Urban Floras in the Central Urals

et al. 2021

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Modern cities harbor a high diversity of plants, and urban floras are significantly different from non-urban floras especially when considering the proportion of alien species found in cities. However, it is not clear whether urban areas disproportionately select for species from relatively few evolutionary lineages or provide opportunities for species across the full spectrum of plant lineages. Here, we examined the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the floras in four cities (Yekaterinburg, Kamensk-Uralsky, Krasnoufimsk, and Turinsk) in the understudied region of Central Urals (Russian Federation). We classified native species into indigenous and apophytic species, namely, those that are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and those that have expanded their range with human activity, respectively. Alien species were classified into archaeophytes and neophytes according to when they were introduced (i.e., before or after than 1800). Phylogenetic diversity was quantified using Faith’s index to reflect total evolutionary history in urban areas and mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) to reflect species dissimilarity. Phylogenetic diversity of native species was higher than that for alien species, and the standardized effect size (SES) of MPD for natives was positive, reflecting their general dissimilarity from one another, while it was very negative for aliens, showing that they were phylogenetically clustered. However, among natives, apophytes were significantly clustered, while indigenous species were overdispersed. For the aliens, MPD was higher for archaeophytes compared to neophytes, though both groups were significantly clustered. These results show that urbanization leads to a non-random selection of plants. Apophytes and alien plants were composed of closely related species, reflecting similar ecological traits and are likely to be pre-adapted to the environmentally altered and highly disturbed urban environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Diversity of Urban Floras in the Central Urals

et al. 2021

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“…According to BARRoS (2015), in an analysis based on high-resolution Rapideye images from 2007 (scale 1: 2000), the urban fabric of Juiz de Fora has an impressive 1,122 forest fragments with sizes greater than 0.5 ha, composing a total forest area of 9,662 ha, which is equivalent to 24% of the total surface of the municipality's urban network. The native vegetation present in the urban landscape is formed by fragments with different sizes and histories of forest regeneration, ranging from areas of earthworks and abandoned pastures to remnants that were little impacted and are protected in conservation units (BoRGES et al, 2020;PyLES et al, 2020).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

An estimation of ecosystem services provided by urban and peri-urban forests: a case study in Juiz de Fora, Brazil

2023

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Urban expansion has led to the replacement of natural landscapes and environmental degradation, making cities and their urban and peri-urban forests (UPFs) vulnerable to climate change, especially on the formation of heat islands. Using i-Tree Canopy program (v. 7.0), we estimate the ecosystem services provided by UPFs in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil), through the analysis of the (1) annual removal of atmospheric pollutants, (2) annual removal of atmospheric carbon, (3) total carbon stock in vegetation, and (4) the monetary benefits of sequestered and stocked carbon, based on Future Carbon Credit (CFI2Z1) as a monetary proxy. The results showed an average total amount of removal of 4.45 thousand tons of air pollution annually. The average annual total carbon storage was 158 thousand tons and the equivalent CO2 was 580 thousand tons, with an estimated total value of R$ 173 million per year. Significant values of the gross carbon stock (3.98 million tons) and equivalent CO2 (14.59 million tons) were found, being valued at R$ 4.35 billion. We concluded that the Juiz de Fora UPFs have a great potential for socio-environmental and economic benefits.

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“…Forest vegetation is heavily transformed by human activities, including roa pacts. Most plants sensitive to the disturbance of habitats are observed in herbaceou ers [3,8,11,34,46]. The fertility of habitats is one of the most important environment Forest vegetation is heavily transformed by human activities, including road impacts.…”

Section: Characteristic Of Abiotic Environmental Conditions According...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fertility of habitats is one of the most important environment Forest vegetation is heavily transformed by human activities, including road impacts. Most plants sensitive to the disturbance of habitats are observed in herbaceous layers [3,8,11,34,46]. The fertility of habitats is one of the most important environmental factors that shape the composition of plant species in forests.…”

Section: Characteristic Of Abiotic Environmental Conditions According...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Adjacent Road on Vascular Plant Species Composition in Herbaceous Layers of Peucedano-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum Urban Forests in the City of Warsaw (Poland)

Fornal-Pieniak,

Kamionowski,

Ollik

et al. 2023

Forests

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The research was conducted in two types of urban forests: Peucedano-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in plant species compositions in the herbaceous layer of urban forests with different habitat fertility adjacent to the road in the northern part of Warsaw (Poland). Seven transects were laid out in each type of forest, with 10 plots spread out from the edge zone (forest border) to the interior of the forests. The size of each plot was 100 m2. The other seven transects were located within the forest, 150 to 200 m away from the forest’s edge. The field research included phytosociological relevés carried out on the existing transects. The indoor studies included an analysis of forest community disturbance. Furthermore, an analysis of abiotic environmental conditions using ecological indicator numbers was carried out. Ecotones of Peucedano-Pinetum are more likely to be colonized by the species inconsistent with the habitat due to processes that increase habitat fertility. The Tilio-Carpinetum forest is more easily colonized by invasive plant species than the Peucedano-Pinetum. The range of road effects can be determined as an area located within 90 m inward of the forest in the case of the Peucedano-Pinetum community and 100 m in the case of the Tilio-Carpinetum community. The presented research is important for formulating directions about how to manage the forests and their surroundings in terms of shaping forests of more natural character, with species more consistent with a forest habitat.

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The evolutionary diversity of urban forests depends on their land-use history

Cited by 16 publications

References 93 publications

Phylogenetic Diversity of Urban Floras in the Central Urals

Phylogenetic Diversity of Urban Floras in the Central Urals

An estimation of ecosystem services provided by urban and peri-urban forests: a case study in Juiz de Fora, Brazil

The Impact of Adjacent Road on Vascular Plant Species Composition in Herbaceous Layers of Peucedano-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum Urban Forests in the City of Warsaw (Poland)

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