The Evolutionary History of Humans in Australasia from an Environmental Perspective.

Storm, Paul

doi:10.1537/ase.108.225

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The presence of this autapomorphy, among others described above and elsewhere (e.g., Durband, 2002bDurband, , 2004aDurband, ,b, 2005Durband, , 2007Baba et al, 2003Baba et al, , 2004, suggests that the population represented by the Ngandong and Sambungmacan fossils changed considerably from those forms sampled at Trinil and Sangiran and likely went extinct without contributing to the gene pool of modern humans; perhaps after undergoing a speciation event (e.g., Zeitoun, 2002;Durband, 2002bDurband, , 2004aDurband, ,b, 2005Durband, , 2007Widianto and Zeitoun, 2003). This scenario is in accord with paleoecological evidence compiled by Storm (2000Storm ( , 2001a suggesting that the Ngandong hominids went extinct as part of a faunal turnover on Java at approximately 126 kyr, a date that has been supported recently by Westaway and colleagues (2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular Fossa Morphology in the Ngandong and Sambungmacan Fossil Hominids

Durband

2008

The Anatomical Record

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There has been debate in recent years concerning the significance of the mandibular fossa morphology in the Ngandong and Sambungmacan hominids. These fossils lack a postglenoid process and their squamotympanic fissure runs along the apex of the fossa for its entire length. This configuration differs from that seen in other fossil and modern humans, which have a prominent postglenoid process and a squamotympanic fissure that takes a more posterior course that does not lie in the apex of the fossa. Some recent studies have suggested that the Ngandong and Sambungmacan hominids are not unique in their expression of these characteristics, and that they can also be found in other fossil crania from Africa and Indonesia. The present study reexamines these morphologies in an effort to better understand their distribution in the hominid fossil record. The results confirm that the lack of a prominent postglenoid process in combination with a squamotympanic fissure that lies wholly in the apex of the mandibular fossa along its entire length is indeed autapomorphic for the Ngandong and Sambungmacan fossils. This finding, in conjunction with work on other nonmetric features in these hominids, suggests that at least two hominid morphs, possibly representing separate species, were present on Java during the Pleistocene. In addition, if this apparent autapomorphy is confirmed, then it is also unlikely that the Ngandong hominids contributed to the gene pool of modern humans. Anat Rec, 291:1212Rec, 291: -1220Rec, 291: , 2008 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: Homo erectus; Java; Sangiran; Sambungmacan; temporomandibular jointIn hominids, the mandibular fossa is located on the temporal bone on the lateralmost edge of the skull base. It forms the cranial portion of the temporomandibular joint, and is formed largely by the squamous portion of the temporal bone. The posterior wall of the mandibular fossa is made up of a combination of the anterior surface of the tympanic plate and an inferior projection of the squamous temporal, the postglenoid process or tubercle. The squamous temporal component of the posterior wall of the mandibular fossa, including the postglenoid process, is separated from the tympanic plate by the squamotympanic fissure (STF), also sometimes known as the Glaserian fissure.The potentially unique nature of the Ngandong mandibular fossa was first noted by Weidenreich (1951). His description is as follows (note that he is writing from the point of view of looking down upon the base of the calotte):''The deepest point of the [mandibular] fossa in modern man and in Sinanthropus is situated farther forward than in Solo man, and the floor of the fossa

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%