The Evolutionary Phylogeny of Oomycetes—Insights Gained from Studies of Holocarpic Parasites of Algae and Invertebrates

Beakes, Gordon W.; Sekimoto, Satoshi

doi:10.1002/9780470475898.ch1

Cited by 47 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…As shown in other studies (Beakes and Sekimoto 2009;Uzuhashi et al 2010), genus Pythium appears paraphyletic. One of the main characteristics that define this genus is the formation of zoospores (i.e.…”

Section: General Oomycete Phylogenysupporting

confidence: 79%

“…More derived genera might have lost it in the course of evolution. Other characters, such as hyaline and coenocytic hyphae without cross septa are also shared by most peronosporales and also other oomycetes (Beakes and Sekimoto 2009). Thus, there is a lack of valid synapomorphies that can be used to define genus Pythium sensu lato, it can be considered invalid as it is.…”

Section: General Oomycete Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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SSU rRNA reveals major trends in oomycete evolution

Lara

Belbahri

2011

Fungal Diversity

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Oomycetes are a group of heterokonts that have a huge impact on the environment as well as on human welfare, due the parasitic nature of many species. However, their evolutionary patterns are still not well understood, due in part to the lack of molecular markers suited to resolve the deep phylogeny of this group. Here, we propose a phylogeny of the whole clade based on the nuclear ribosomal small subunit gene, that comprises both culture and environmental studies derived sequences. Our analysis shows notably that i) plant pathogenesis occurred only rarely in oomycete evolution in comparison to animal parasitism ii) obligate symbiosis happened only in a few derived groups and iii) transitions from soil/freshwater to marine environment (and viceversa) are common unlike for most eukaryotic groups. This study illustrates the complexity of evolutionary patterns and will help to better understand the emergence of pathogenicity in the different oomycete groups.

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Section: General Oomycete Phylogenysupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: General Oomycete Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

SSU rRNA reveals major trends in oomycete evolution

Lara

Belbahri

2011

Fungal Diversity

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“…This should also be feasible for the graminicolous (grassand grain-infecting) downy mildews which are of major economic importance. Basal genera such as Eurychasma and Haptoglossa, which include algal and nematode pathogens, are also obligate pathogens but grow intracellularly with few external structures (8). Perhaps sufficient DNA can be obtained from their zoospores or pathogen sequences can be separated from host DNA in silico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the major orders based on 28S rRNA sequences. Orders comprising the peronosporalean group (ϳ1,000 species), saprolegnians (ϳ500 species), and basal clades are noted (8). While Phytophthora was traditionally considered part of the Pythiales, it is now recognized to belong to the Peronosporales along with the downy mildews (70).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Innovations within Oomycete Genomes: Insights into Biology, Pathology, and Evolution

Judelson

2012

Eukaryot Cell

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The eukaryotic microbes known as oomycetes are common inhabitants of terrestrial and aquatic environments and include saprophytes and pathogens. Lifestyles of the pathogens extend from biotrophy to necrotrophy, obligate to facultative pathogenesis, and narrow to broad host ranges on plants or animals. Sequencing of several pathogens has revealed striking variation in genome size and content, a plastic set of genes related to pathogenesis, and adaptations associated with obligate biotrophy. Features of genome evolution include repeat-driven expansions, deletions, gene fusions, and horizontal gene transfer in a landscape organized into gene-dense and gene-sparse sectors and influenced by transposable elements. Gene expression profiles are also highly dynamic throughout oomycete life cycles, with transcriptional polymorphisms as well as differences in protein sequence contributing to variation. The genome projects have set the foundation for functional studies and should spur the sequencing of additional species, including more diverse pathogens and nonpathogens.

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“…We retain the name Oomycetes because of its wider currency in the mycological and plant pathological communities. Oomycetes are an ancient group, but their evolutionary history is mostly inferred from molecular phylogenetic studies of living species [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Bhattacharya et al [17] suggested a mean age for the split between Oomycetes and Bacillariophyta of 936 Ma (range: 1150 -770 Ma).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of parasitic Oomycetes (Peronosporomycetes) infecting the stem cortex of the Carboniferous seed fernLyginopteris oldhamia

Strullu‐Derrien

Kenrick

Rioult³

et al. 2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Thin sections of petrified fossils made during the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to investigate the internal tissue systems of plants now provide an important new source of information on associated micro-organisms. We report a new heterokont eukaryote (Combresomyces williamsonii sp. nov.) based on exquisitely preserved fossil oogonia, antheridia and hyphae from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian: Bashkirian stage) of UK. The structure of the oogonia and antheridia and features observed within the hyphae demonstrate a relationship with Oomycetes (Peronosporomycetes). The fossil microorganism was documented in situ in petrified stem cortex and rootlets of the extinct seed fern Lyginopteris oldhamia (Pteridospermales). The main observed features point towards a pythiaceous Oomycete but links to biotrophic Albuginales or Peronosporaceae cannot be ruled out owing to the observation of a possible haustorium. Our study provides the earliest evidence for parasitism in Oomycetes.

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The Evolutionary Phylogeny of Oomycetes—Insights Gained from Studies of Holocarpic Parasites of Algae and Invertebrates

Cited by 47 publications

References 77 publications

SSU rRNA reveals major trends in oomycete evolution

SSU rRNA reveals major trends in oomycete evolution

Dynamics and Innovations within Oomycete Genomes: Insights into Biology, Pathology, and Evolution

Evidence of parasitic Oomycetes (Peronosporomycetes) infecting the stem cortex of the Carboniferous seed fernLyginopteris oldhamia

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