The Evolutionary Value of Recombination Is Constrained by Genome Modularity

Martin, Darren P.; Walt, Eric van der; Posada, David; Rybicki, Edward P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010051

Cited by 108 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It has been shown that selection against heterologous gen combinations increases as host colonization progresses along the infection cycle of Cucumber mosaic virus [32], affecting the frequency of genetic exchange. This explains that recombinants and reassortants are often found at low frequencies [33,34], although the frequency of particular combinations may be dependent on agro-ecological factors [17,19], and support the hypothesis of co-adaptation of gene complexes within the viral genomes [32,35].…”

Section: Generation and Modulation Of Genetic Diversity: Driving Forcsupporting

confidence: 65%

Diversity of Plant Virus Populations: A Valuable Tool for Epidemiological Studies

Escriu¹

2017

Genetic Diversity

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Plant viruses, as any other living organisms, differ genetically from each other as a result of processes (such as mutation, recombination and other forms of genetic exchange) that generate genetic variation in each generation during their reproduction and processes (such as selection, migration and genetic drift) that modulate this variation, determine the distribution of the genetic variants within a population (i.e., the genetic structure of the population) and how it changes with time, in a dynamical phenomenon called evolution. For plant viruses, evolutionary forces that generate and modulate the genetic diversity of their populations are often associated to different phases in their biology and ecology, such as virus-host interactions and host to host transmission. Forces that shape the evolution of plant viruses are at the same time key factors affecting their pathogenic properties, including their ability to cause diseases (an aspect that is studied in the field of epidemiology). The present chapter aims to illustrate how measurement and analysis of genetic diversity and structure of plant virus populations are essential to the current knowledge on the evolutionary biology of plant viruses and how evolutionary factors have a relevant role in the dynamics of virus populations and therefore, in the epidemiology of plant virus diseases.

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Section: Generation and Modulation Of Genetic Diversity: Driving Forcsupporting

confidence: 65%

Diversity of Plant Virus Populations: A Valuable Tool for Epidemiological Studies

Escriu¹

2017

Genetic Diversity

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“…Empirical studies with a small plant virus suggest that the successful inheritance of a particular genetic fragment is inversely proportional to and constrained by its number of intragenome interactions (23). CoV transcription networks involve complex interactions among the viral replicase complex, cis and transacting sequence motifs, and perhaps host factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: Engineering a recombination-resistant genome

Yount

Roberts

Lindesmith

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Live virus vaccines provide significant protection against many detrimental human and animal diseases, but reversion to virulence by mutation and recombination has reduced appeal. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a model, we engineered a different transcription regulatory circuit and isolated recombinant viruses. The transcription network allowed for efficient expression of the viral transcripts and proteins, and the recombinant viruses replicated to WT levels. Recombinant genomes were then constructed that contained mixtures of the WT and mutant regulatory circuits, reflecting recombinant viruses that might occur in nature. Although viable viruses could readily be isolated from WT and recombinant genomes containing homogeneous transcription circuits, chimeras that contained mixed regulatory networks were invariantly lethal, because viable chimeric viruses were not isolated. Mechanistically, mixed regulatory circuits promoted inefficient subgenomic transcription from inappropriate start sites, resulting in truncated ORFs and effectively minimize viral structural protein expression. Engineering regulatory transcription circuits of intercommunicating alleles successfully introduces genetic traps into a viral genome that are lethal in RNA recombinant progeny viruses.regulation ͉ systems biology ͉ vaccine design L ive virus vaccines represent a crucial intervention strategy that has been documented to improve the overall health of populations. Concerns regarding reversion to virulence by mutation and recombination, coupled with the associated challenges in developing these vaccines commercially, have diminished the appeal of live virus vaccines (1, 2). The dichotomy between the well known protective efficacy and the costs and risks of developing live virus vaccines has been recognized as a Grand Challenge in Global Health by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, which has called for new methods to prevent reversion or recombination repair.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged suddenly and spread worldwide in 2003, causing Ϸ800 deaths (3). Zoonotic SARS-CoV strains, common in farm animals and bats, dictate a need for continued surveillance and the development of efficacious vaccines (4, 5). SARS-CoV is a tractable system for innovative live virus vaccine design because the pathogen is highly virulent and replicates efficiently in animal models, and a robust reverse genetic system is available. Importantly, CoVs undergo RNA recombination events at high frequency, and recombination-mediated vaccine failures in animals are a problem (6).SARS-CoV contains a positive, single-stranded, Ϸ29,700-nt RNA genome bound by the nucleocapsid protein (N) and an envelope containing the S, ORF3a, E, and M structural proteins. The SARS-CoV genome contains nine ORFs, and ORF1 encodes the viral replicase proteins that are required for subgenomic and genome-length RNA synthesis (7). Downstream of ORF1 and interspaced among the structural genes are the unique SARS-CoV group-specif...

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“…In virus evolution, role of genetic recombination is dynamic (Martin et al, 2005). One of the prospective benefits of such recombination is in sexual reproduction in order to access the joint genetic resources of distantly unrelated and related viral species (Rice, 2002;Keightley and Otto, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at this time no evidence is available to propose that intergeneric trans-encapsidation is responsible for vector inspecificity, although by replacing/flip-flop the CP genes betwixt two geminiviruses related to distant genera lead to a change in vector species for virus transmission (Briddon et al, 1990). Specifically, it is obvious that in foreign genetic background viral genome regions that have hardly minor genetic connections with other viral genome regions perform better functions than do those with wide-ranging interaction networks (Martin et al, 2005;Lefeuvre et al, 2007;Woo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of an Infectious Chimeric Geminivirus by Molecular Cloning Based on Coinfection and Recombination

Khalid¹,

Zia-ur-Rehman²,

Ali³

et al. 2017

IJAB

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In the evolution of geminiviruses, genetic recombination plays a key role in ecological, biochemical and evolutionary processes. They evolve as results of prehistoric inter-genus recombination whereas intra-genus recombination of geminiviruses leads to the emergence of agriculturally important plant pathogens. Geminiviruses are transmitted by leafhoppers, treehoppers and whiteflies. An isolate of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV), a monopartite dicot infecting mastrevirus is transmitted by leafhopper. In contrast, Cotton leaf curl burewala virus (CLCuBuV), a monopartite begomovirus, was acquired and transmissible by whitefly to various host plants. In this study, we remove the coat protein (CP) gene of CpCDV by PCR and replaced with that of PCR amplified CLCuBuV-CP. The resultant infectious clone of chimeric CpCDV is produced later named mastrebegomo chimera (pGII0000MBC). By using Agroinfiltration technique (Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation) the chimeric clone along with wild type Clone CpCDV and CLCuBuV are injected on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin.) seedlings and get symptoms after 21dpi (days post inoculation). Later, the symptoms appeared on plants were compared with healthy plants. This study elaborates our awareness about the genetic recombination and coexistence of mastreviruses with begomovirus globally including Pakistan and will provide the basic information regarding their management.

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The Evolutionary Value of Recombination Is Constrained by Genome Modularity

Cited by 108 publications

References 31 publications

Diversity of Plant Virus Populations: A Valuable Tool for Epidemiological Studies

Diversity of Plant Virus Populations: A Valuable Tool for Epidemiological Studies

Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: Engineering a recombination-resistant genome

Construction of an Infectious Chimeric Geminivirus by Molecular Cloning Based on Coinfection and Recombination

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