The evolved basis and adaptive functions of cognitive distortions

Gilbert, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb01002.x

Cited by 143 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The genetic and synaptic regulation of serotonin plays a role in the functioning of the 'threat protection system' (Caspi 2006). Partly because the system is programmed in favour of 'better safe than sorry' (Gilbert 1998) it is easily conditioned (Rosen 1998) and is the source of many aspects of psychopathology.…”

Section: Threat and Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing compassion-focused therapy

Gilbert¹

2009

Adv. psychiatr. treat

Self Cite

1,058

855

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SummaryShame and self-criticism are transdiagnostic problems. People who experience them may struggle to feel relieved, reassured or safe. Research suggests that a specialised affect regulation system (or systems) underpins feelings of reassurance, safeness and well-being. It is believed to have evolved with attachment systems and, in particular, the ability to register and respond with calming and a sense of well-being to being cared for. In compassion-focused therapy it is hypothesised that this affect regulation system is poorly accessible in people with high shame and self-criticism, in whom the ‘threat’ affect regulation system dominates orientation to their inner and outer worlds. Compassion-focused therapy is an integrated and multimodal approach that draws from evolutionary, social, developmental and Buddhist psychology, and neuroscience. One of its key concerns is to use compassionate mind training to help people develop and work with experiences of inner warmth, safeness and soothing, via compassion and self-compassion.

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Section: Threat and Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing compassion-focused therapy

Gilbert¹

2009

Adv. psychiatr. treat

Self Cite

1,058

855

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If they are mistaken about their illness, no harm is done, but if they fail to consult a doctor and they have the illness, the consequences will be disastrous. In other words, they adopt a better-safe-than-sorry reasoning strategy (de Jong, Haenen, Schmidt, & Mayer, 1998;Gilbert, 1998). Human beings tend to adopt this strategy in the face of exposure to a threat.…”

Section: Hypochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As hypochondriac patients, they too adopt a better-safe-than-sorry strategy in reasoning about their symptoms (de Jong, et al, 1998;Gilbert, 1998).…”

Section: Phobiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesses.

Johnson‐Laird¹,

Mancini²,

Gangemi³

2006

Psychological Review

130

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A hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesses is presented. It postulates that these illnesses have an onset in which a cognitive evaluation initiates a sequence of unconscious transitions yielding a basic emotion. This emotion is appropriate for the situation but inappropriate in its intensity. Whenever it recurs, it leads individuals to a focus on the precipitating situation and to characteristic patterns of inference that can bolster the illness. Individuals with a propensity to psychological illness accordingly reason better than more robust individuals, but only on topics relevant to their illness. The theory is assessed in the light of previous research, a small epidemiological study of patients, and 3 empirical studies.

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“…For instance, individual differences in executive functioning and the development of brain structures such as the prefrontal cortex have been documented and tied to LHS and environmental conditions (Del Giudice et al 2011;Figueredo et al 2006;Ellis et al 2009). Taken together, the literature seems to imply that more implicit or automatic cognition enables humans to survive and reproduce quickly given unfavorable conditions, while more deliberate cognition (i.e., "effortful" control) enables humans to map out predictable environments and coordinate behavior within groups to achieve longer-term goals (see also Gilbert 1998).…”

Section: An Evolutionary Perspective On At-risk Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles for Secondary Education: Analyzing Career and Tech Ed

Richardson

Castellano

Stone

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Psychological Science

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Current approaches to secondary education expose students to cultural information and environmental conditions that were not typical features of youth development for the vast majority of human evolution. Understanding the mismatch between adolescents' evolved information processing biases and the educational content and environmental cues they often experience in school can help us to identify and/ or develop educational approaches that will work with student biases in attention and motivation, rather than against them. In this paper, we present an evolutionary perspective on adolescent learning, review life history theory, and describe how adolescents adopting a fast life history strategy (fast LHS) are especially susceptible to the mismatch between evolved biases and modern schooling. We then argue that learning in context is an approach that is more consistent with adolescents' evolved biases than traditional academic school environments and suggest that career and technical education (CTE) is an existing model that can be used successfully in secondary education, especially with students following a fast LHS. We conclude with future directions for CTE research and also applications of evolutionary theory to education and educational psychology.

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The evolved basis and adaptive functions of cognitive distortions

Cited by 143 publications

References 30 publications

Introducing compassion-focused therapy

Introducing compassion-focused therapy

A hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesses.

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles for Secondary Education: Analyzing Career and Tech Ed

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