The evolving biology of cell reprogramming

Wilmut, Ian; Sullivan, Gareth J.; Chambers, Ian

doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0051

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess the self-renewal and pluripotency phenotypes of ESCs and can be derived by reprogramming somatic cells through the expression of a set of core transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc (OSKM). 1,37 The efficiency of iPSC conversion, however, is low. Myc is not essential for reprogramming but ESCs can bypass the requirement for LIF in the maintenance of self-renewal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for polyamine regulators in ESC self-renewal

Zhao

Goh

et al. 2012

Cell Cycle

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E mbryonic stem cells (ESCs) dependon extensive regulatory networks to coordinate their self-renewal and differentiation. The polyamine pathway regulator AMD1 was recently implicated in ESC self-renewal and directed differentiation of ESCs to neural precursor cells (NPCs). The polyamines spermine and spermidine are essential for a wide range of biological processes, and their levels are tightly regulated. Here, we review the polyamine pathway and discuss how it can impact polyamine levels, cellular methylation and hypusinated EIF5A levels. We discuss how it could feed into regulation of ESC self-renewal and directed differentiation. We show that in addition to AMD1, a second rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine pathway, ODC1, can also promote ESC self-renewal, and that both Amd1 and Odc1 can partially substitute for Myc during cellular reprogramming. We propose that both Amd1 and Odc1 are essential regulators of ESCs and function to ensure high polyamine levels to promote ESC self-renewal.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for polyamine regulators in ESC self-renewal

Zhao

Goh

et al. 2012

Cell Cycle

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“…After 2008, he stopped using cloning after Shinya Yamanaka at the University of Kyoto developed a technique to produce pluripotent stem cells without the necessity of creating embryos (Wilmut et al 2011). That same year, Wilmut became the founding director of another scientifically ambitious institution in Edinburgh, the Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine.…”

Section: Dolly Before and Aftermentioning

confidence: 98%

Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

García-Sancho

2015

HPLS

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This paper addresses the 1996 cloning of Dolly the sheep, locating it within a long-standing tradition of animal breeding research in Edinburgh. Far from being an end in itself, the cell-nuclear transfer experiment from which Dolly was born should be seen as a step in an investigative pathway that sought the production of medically relevant transgenic animals. By historicising Dolly, I illustrate how the birth of this sheep captures a dramatic redefinition of the life sciences, when in the 1970s and 1980s the rise of neo-liberal governments and the emergence of the biotechnology market pushed research institutions to show tangible applications of their work. Through this broader interpretative framework, the Dolly story emerges as a case study of the deep transformations of agricultural experimentation during the last third of the twentieth century. The reorganisation of laboratory practice, human resources and institutional settings required by the production of transgenic animals had unanticipated consequences. One of these unanticipated effects was that the boundaries between animal and human health became blurred. As a result of this, new professional spaces emerged and the identity of Dolly the sheep was reconfigured, from an instrument for livestock improvement in the farm to a more universal symbol of the new cloning age.

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“…These diseases include neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, liver and cardiovascular diseases, blindness, deafness, burns, and many others [130,131]. …”

Section: Directing Cell Fate For Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Therapy: A New Treatment for Burns?

et al. 2011

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Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new approach in almost every medicine specialty. This vast, heterogeneous family of cells are now both naturally (embryonic and adult stem cells) or artificially obtained (induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs) and their fates have become increasingly controllable, thanks to ongoing research in this passionate new field. We are at the beginning of a new era in medicine, with multiple applications for stem cell therapy, not only as a monotherapy, but also as an adjunct to other strategies, such as organ transplantation or standard drug treatment. Regrettably, serious preclinical concerns remain and differentiation, cell fusion, senescence and signalling crosstalk with growth factors and biomaterials are still challenges for this promising multidisciplinary therapeutic modality. Severe burns have several indications for stem cell therapy, including enhancement of wound healing, replacement of damaged skin and perfect skin regeneration – incorporating skin appendages and reduced fibrosis –, as well as systemic effects, such as inflammation, hypermetabolism and immunosuppression. The aim of this review is to describe well established characteristics of stem cells and to delineate new advances in the stem cell field, in the context of burn injury and wound healing.

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The evolving biology of cell reprogramming

Cited by 46 publications

References 155 publications

A role for polyamine regulators in ESC self-renewal

A role for polyamine regulators in ESC self-renewal

Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

Stem Cell Therapy: A New Treatment for Burns?

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