The exclusion of ambient aerosols changes the water relations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and bean (Vicia faba) plants

Pariyar, Shyam; Eichert, Thomas; Goldbach, Heiner E.; Hunsche, Maurício; Burkhardt, J.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.031

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 79 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The anisohydric beech seedlings showed a linear sap flow reaction up to very high VPD, which was stronger than the reaction of sunflower to VPD (Pariyar et al . ). The salt‐sprayed beech seedlings had higher transpiration with increasing VPD than the plants that had been sprayed with water, and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was less effective than NaNO 3 due to higher stomatal conductance or the water wicking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The leaf area was determined at the end of the sap flow measurements with a leaf area scanning system (OMA; HGoTech, Bonn, Germany) and was used to calculate the leaf area‐related sap flow (Pariyar et al . ). Sap flow data were stored every 15 min on a data logger.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We also observed increasing g min with particle addition and decreasing transpiration with particle exclusion (Pariyar et al . ; Burkhardt & Pariyar ), and hypothesised this to happen through deliquescent salts entering the stomata and establishing thin hydraulic films along stomatal walls, which can then act as a wick (Burkhardt ). The thickness of such wicks is presumably <100 nm, which is much smaller than stomatal dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How does the VPD response of isohydric and anisohydric plants depend on leaf surface particles?

Burkhardt

Pariyar

2015

Plant Biol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force for plant transpiration. Plants have different strategies to respond to this 'atmospheric drought'. Deposited aerosols on leaf surfaces can interact with plant water relations and may influence VPD response. We studied transpiration and water use efficiency of pine, beech and sunflower by measuring sap flow, gas exchange and carbon isotopes, thereby addressing different time scales of plant/atmosphere interaction. Plants were grown (i) outdoors under rainfall exclusion (OD) and in ventilated greenhouses with (ii) ambient air (AA) or (iii) filtered air (FA), the latter containing <1% ambient aerosol concentrations. In addition, some AA plants were sprayed once with 25 mM salt solution of (NH4 )2 SO4 or NaNO3 . Carbon isotope values (δ(13) C) became more negative in the presence of more particles; more negative for AA compared to FA sunflower and more negative for OD Scots pine compared to other growth environments. FA beech had less negative δ(13) C than AA, OD and NaNO3 -treated beech. Anisohydric beech showed linearly increasing sap flow with increasing VPD. The slopes doubled for (NH4 )2 SO4 - and tripled for NaNO3 -sprayed beech compared to control seedlings, indicating decreased ability to resist atmospheric demand. In contrast, isohydric pine showed constant transpiration rates with increasing VPD, independent of growth environment and spray, likely caused by decreasing gs with increasing VPD. Generally, NaNO3 spray had stronger effects on water relations than (NH4 )2 SO4 spray. The results strongly support the role of leaf surface particles as an environmental factor affecting plant water use. Hygroscopic and chaotropic properties of leaf surface particles determine their ability to form wicks across stomata. Such wicks enhance unproductive water loss of anisohydric plant species and decrease CO2 uptake of isohydric plants. They become more relevant with increasing number of fine particles and increasing VPD and are thus related to air pollution and climate change. Wicks cause a deviation from the analogy between CO2 and water pathways through stomata, bringing some principal assumptions of gas exchange theory into question.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How does the VPD response of isohydric and anisohydric plants depend on leaf surface particles?

Burkhardt

Pariyar

2015

Plant Biol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, epicuticular wax erosion in association with environmental pollution [29] or the deposition of aerosols and microorganisms [27,28] could increase the degree of heterogeneity and wettability of the surface, ultimately affecting plant-water relationships [55]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the solubility parameters of model plant surfaces and agrochemicals: a valuable tool for understanding plant surface interactions

Khayet

Fernández

2012

Theor Biol Med Model

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMost aerial plant parts are covered with a hydrophobic lipid-rich cuticle, which is the interface between the plant organs and the surrounding environment. Plant surfaces may have a high degree of hydrophobicity because of the combined effects of surface chemistry and roughness. The physical and chemical complexity of the plant cuticle limits the development of models that explain its internal structure and interactions with surface-applied agrochemicals. In this article we introduce a thermodynamic method for estimating the solubilities of model plant surface constituents and relating them to the effects of agrochemicals.ResultsFollowing the van Krevelen and Hoftyzer method, we calculated the solubility parameters of three model plant species and eight compounds that differ in hydrophobicity and polarity. In addition, intact tissues were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the surface free energy, polarity, solubility parameter and work of adhesion of each were calculated from contact angle measurements of three liquids with different polarities. By comparing the affinities between plant surface constituents and agrochemicals derived from (a) theoretical calculations and (b) contact angle measurements we were able to distinguish the physical effect of surface roughness from the effect of the chemical nature of the epicuticular waxes. A solubility parameter model for plant surfaces is proposed on the basis of an increasing gradient from the cuticular surface towards the underlying cell wall.ConclusionsThe procedure enabled us to predict the interactions among agrochemicals, plant surfaces, and cuticular and cell wall components, and promises to be a useful tool for improving our understanding of biological surface interactions.

show abstract

“…Leaf surface particles increase HAS, and the liquid water connections formed between the leaf surface and the apoplast along the stomatal walls have an influence on water and nutrient fluxes. Increased transpiration and reduced water use efficiency caused by leaf surface particles were observed for particle exclusion (Pariyar et al, 2013) as well as for particle amendment (Burkhardt et al, 2001). The stomatal uptake of nutrients is enabled as well as the stomatal leaching of ions, although an experimental proof for the latter is still missing.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Breath figures” on leaf surfaces—formation and effects of microscopic leaf wetness

2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“Microscopic leaf wetness” means minute amounts of persistent liquid water on leaf surfaces which are invisible to the naked eye. The water is mainly maintained by transpired water vapor condensing onto the leaf surface and to attached leaf surface particles. With an estimated average thickness of less than 1 μm, microscopic leaf wetness is about two orders of magnitude thinner than morning dewfall. The most important physical processes which reduce the saturation vapor pressure and promote condensation are cuticular absorption and the deliquescence of hygroscopic leaf surface particles. Deliquescent salts form highly concentrated solutions. Depending on the type and concentration of the dissolved ions, the physicochemical properties of microscopic leaf wetness can be considerably different from those of pure water. Microscopic leaf wetness can form continuous thin layers on hydrophobic leaf surfaces and in specific cases can act similar to surfactants, enabling a strong potential influence on the foliar exchange of ions. Microscopic leaf wetness can also enhance the dissolution, the emission, and the reaction of specific atmospheric trace gases e.g., ammonia, SO2, or ozone, leading to a strong potential role for microscopic leaf wetness in plant/atmosphere interaction. Due to its difficult detection, there is little knowledge about the occurrence and the properties of microscopic leaf wetness. However, based on the existing evidence and on physicochemical reasoning it can be hypothesized that microscopic leaf wetness occurs on almost any plant worldwide and often permanently, and that it significantly influences the exchange processes of the leaf surface with its neighboring compartments, i.e., the plant interior and the atmosphere. The omission of microscopic water in general leaf wetness concepts has caused far-reaching, misleading conclusions in the past.

show abstract

The exclusion of ambient aerosols changes the water relations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and bean (Vicia faba) plants

Cited by 30 publications

References 79 publications

How does the VPD response of isohydric and anisohydric plants depend on leaf surface particles?

How does the VPD response of isohydric and anisohydric plants depend on leaf surface particles?

Estimation of the solubility parameters of model plant surfaces and agrochemicals: a valuable tool for understanding plant surface interactions

“Breath figures” on leaf surfaces—formation and effects of microscopic leaf wetness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About