The excretion of drugs across the gill of the dogfish, Squalus acanthias

Maren, Thomas H.; Embry, Rebecca; Broder, Lawrence E.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(68)90005-4

Cited by 67 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the case of free steroids, there is evidence that they, like the lamprey pheromone, are mainly excreted into the water via the gills [23,24]. However, the mechanism whereby they do so appears to be passive diffusion [23,25]. There is no evidence for specialized cells such as those that we have demonstrated in lampreys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Male Sea Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L., Excrete a Sex Pheromone from Gill Epithelia1

Siefkes

Scott

Zielinski

et al. 2003

Biology of Reproduction

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During the period when they are producing sperm, male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) release a sex pheromone 7␣, 12␣, 24-trihydroxy-5␣-cholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3 keto-petromyzonol sulfate, 3ketoPZS) that induces search and preference behaviors in ovulating females. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to demonstrate that release of this pheromone into water takes place exclusively through the gills. In a behavioral maze, water conditioned with the anterior region of spermiating males induced an increase of search and preference behaviors in ovulating females. Similar behavior was not elicited by water conditioned by the posterior region. The anterior region washings and whole-body washings from spermiating males also elicited large and virtually identical electro-olfactogram responses from female sea lampreys, while the posterior washings produced negligible responses. Further, mass spectrometry and immunoassay confirmed that virtually all the 3ketoPZS released into water was through the gills. Immunocytochemistry revealed some gill epithelial cells and hepatocytes from spermiating males contained dense immunoreactive 3ketoPZS, but not those from prespermiating males. These results demonstrate that 3ketoPZS is released through the gill epithelia and suggest that this pheromone or its precursor may be produced in the liver.environment, male sexual function, pheromones, spermatogenesis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Male Sea Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L., Excrete a Sex Pheromone from Gill Epithelia1

Siefkes

Scott

Zielinski

et al. 2003

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Restricting the movement of dogfish also reduced the branchial release of lipid-soluble drugs (Maren et al, 1968). However, the release rates of free cortisol and melatonin by rainbow trout held in a box with a gill dam were similar to those calculated for free-swimming fish .…”

Section: How Does One Assess and Interpret Steroid Release?mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…(4) Steroid lipophilicity: when dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were injected with eight drugs with widely differing chemical properties (Maren et al, 1968), the lipid-insoluble ionised drugs (cf., sulphated and glucuronidated steroids) were excreted via the kidney, while the lipid-soluble non-polar drugs (cf., free steroids) diffused freely into the water across the gills; similarly, when free 17,20β-P, sulphated 17,20β-P and glucuronidated T were injected into rainbow trout, only the free 17,20β-P was cleared via the gills (Vermeirssen & Scott, 1996). What is not yet clear, however, is whether more subtle differences in steroid polarity are sufficient to cause differences in their relative rates of release via the gills.…”

Section: How Does One Assess and Interpret Steroid Release?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive measurement of steroids in fish-holding water: important considerations when applying the procedure to behaviour studies

Scott¹,

Hirschenhauser²,

Bender³

et al. 2008

Behav

109

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SummaryFish behaviourists are increasingly turning to non-invasive measurement of steroid hormones in holding water, as opposed to blood plasma. When some of us met at a workshop in Faro, Portugal, in September, 2007, we realised that there were still many issues concerning the application of this procedure that needed resolution, including: Why do we measure release rates rather than just concentrations of steroids in the water? How does one interpret steroid release rates when dealing with fish of different sizes? What are the merits of measuring conjugated as well as free steroids in water? In the 'static' sampling procedure, where fish are placed in a separate container for a short period of time, does this affect steroid releaseand, if so, how can it be minimised? After exposing a fish to a behavioural stimulus, when is the optimal time to sample? What is the minimum amount of validation when applying the procedure to a new species? The purpose of this review is to attempt to answer these questions and, in doing so, to emphasize that application of the non-invasive procedure requires more planning and validation than conventional plasma sampling. However, we consider that the rewards justify the extra effort.

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“…Following cannulation, each of 14 fish was placed in a metabolic chamber described by Maren et al (1968 Followng cannulation, the fish were allowed to recover for 48 h in the respiration chambers. During this recovery time the aortic cannulas were flushed once daily with the heparized saline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the harmful diatom Chaetoceros concavicornis on respiration of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Yang¹,

Albright²

1992

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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ABSTRACT-Chaetoceros concavicornis and C. convolutus are harmful diatom species which commonly occur in many temperate coastal marine waters and which can cause finfish mortalities when present at concentrations as low as 5 cells ml-' of seawater. Death of finfish, including salmonids, by these harmful Chaetocerosspp. has been suggested to be caused by: (1) microbial infections of damaged gill tissue; (2) hemorrhage of gill capillaries; or (3) suffocation from excess mucus production at the sites of penetration of the gills by the spines. Our data indicate that the barbed spines of these diatoms damage the physical integrity of the respiratory epithelium of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The trout responds to this physical impairment of gill tissue by producing excessive amounts of mucus. The accumulation of this mucus on and between the secondary lamellae inhibits the gill function of O2 uptake (and likely metabolic waste products release). The hypoxic conditions which result within the fish then cause a cascade of events, including anaerobic metabolism. Trout mortalities occur coincident with severe decreases in O2 concentration and pH as well as increases in lactate and glucose concentrations of the arterial blood.

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The excretion of drugs across the gill of the dogfish, Squalus acanthias

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

Male Sea Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L., Excrete a Sex Pheromone from Gill Epithelia1

Male Sea Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L., Excrete a Sex Pheromone from Gill Epithelia1

Non-invasive measurement of steroids in fish-holding water: important considerations when applying the procedure to behaviour studies

Effects of the harmful diatom Chaetoceros concavicornis on respiration of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

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